Author Archives: dean

Q: I need a fastener that can withstand frequent sterilization processes at temps to around 400F. I would prefer a polymer if possible. Also the process is pharma related, so the screws would need to be non leaching and may be exposed to low concentrations of chemicals. Any ideas? A: … Continue reading

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Q:  Hello I am researching titanium and C276 hardware for a submerged application in a high chloride (20,000 mg/L) elevated temperature environment (125F). Corrosion resistance is more important than shear or tensile strength in this application. A: Titanium screws should be a good choice for your application especially Grade 2 … Continue reading

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Q: I’m looking for a nut in a large metric size. I know I can’t get it made in this large a size for class 10 steel so I’m hoping you can recommend a material that can be made to an M16 with similar strength. A: If you are looking … Continue reading

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Q: Currently I’m using screws made of 400 series stainless steel for use in factory machinery that is moving in a circular path creating a centrifugal force.  Our existing bolts are breaking and we’re looking for a bolt with a more rigid type of material that will not break or … Continue reading

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Q: I’m in need of  hex head bolts for a gas turbine hot section application. These bolts would need good strength and min. temperature tolerance of 1000 degF. Any suggestions? A: A286 bolts are an option, but would be on the lower end of these materials in terms of temperature … Continue reading

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Monel HF vs Nickel Alloys revisedQ: Will Nickel 200 bolts be a good choice for hydrofluoric acid? A: For aqueous HF, Nickel 200 fasteners offer limited protection. If application requires a metal then you may want to consider Monel 400. Monel 400 bolts are the most resistant option for hydrofluoric acid in all concentrations up … Continue reading

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Q: I am looking for recommendations for fasteners capable of operating under load at 2000C, in a mild vacuum environment. The material can be conductive or insulating just along as it does not react with carbon. A: For temperatures as high as 2000C, Zirconia ceramic fasteners would be your only … Continue reading

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Q: What is the difference between Nitronic 50 and 60? A: Both grades of Nitronic offer similar strength which is nearly double the yield strength of 300 series stainless steel (Nitronic 50 100ksi UTS and Nitronic 60 95ksi UTS). The real difference is in the temperature capabilities and the usage … Continue reading

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Q: What is the difference between the different grades of tungsten and why would I choice one vs the other? A:Tungsten fasteners are available in commercially pure tungsten (Tungsten CP) which is 99.95% pure. This grade offers the highest density, strength and hardness of all the grades. It is also … Continue reading

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Q: I’m looking for a material that is radiopaque. Do you have any suggestions? A: Two materials come to mind. First is tantalum. It is often used in medical applications for its radiopacity. Tantalum fasteners are also bio-compatible and extremely corrosion resistant. The second material is tungsten. Tungsten fasteners come … Continue reading

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Q: Is there a material you can recommend that can handle a high temperature exhaust stream which has trace corrosive chemicals? I’ve tried A286 bolting but am having some corrosion issues. A: When a process demands high temperature corrosion resistance, depending on the temperature and amount of contamination, you might … Continue reading

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Q: I have an application with high temperature exhaust that requires a high strength bolt for oxidation resistance. Temps are pretty consistent around 1300F. Would Inconel 718 bolts be a good choice? A: Inconel 718 would definitely be one good option. Inconel 718 bolts offer 210ksi tensile strength and are … Continue reading

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C276-HCl IsoCorrosionQ: I am needing to replace some hex heads and nuts on an HCL tank lid. It appears they were originally coated and due to a previous leak, they are starting to corrode. What would be the best alternative bolt type for this situation? HCL concentration is 37% and is … Continue reading

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Q: I’m in need a high strength bolt that can not only withstand temperatures of 1000F but also be exposed to chemical contaminants from time to time. The 1000F is the max, probably not the constant. Strength would need to be around 150ksi. Contaminants would be salts and some low … Continue reading

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Modern day engineering is key to helping the world through this difficult time, and specialty material bolts make it possible. Materials like titanium, PEEK and 17-4PH provide the corrosion resistance and high strength needed for manufacturing and high-tech distribution. This newsletter shows some of the ways Extreme Bolt & Fastener … Continue reading

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Q: I have the need for a bolt that can withstand high temp brine byproduct from an oil & gas installation. Any suggestions? A: Depending on what temperatures you are dealing with Duplex Steel bolts may be a good fit. Duplex bolts provide good localized resistance to brines and chlorides. … Continue reading

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Q: We are looking for a non-conductive screw with lower dielectric constant / dissipation factor to replace a steel screw (Tensile Strength 70kpsi) in one of our products. So were trying to get to similar strength / properties to the steel screw to meet our torque requirements. Will a ceramic … Continue reading

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Q: I’m looking for a high density material that is also high strength. I need set screws for a weighted part, but they also need to have about 120ksi of tensile strength. Is this possible? A: Yes, for this type of application you’ll want to use pure tungsten or a … Continue reading

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Q: I need a bolt that can handle a chemical processing situation where there are not only corrosive chemicals but also high temperatures that can fluctuate. Max temp is around 1200F. What would you suggest? A: Not knowing the chemicals you are using makes it tough, but for high temperature … Continue reading

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Q: I need a material that is resistant to a small concentration of hydrofluoric acid at room temperature? Can you offer any suggestions? A: Two materials come to mind. First in terms of metal alloys Monel 400 bolts are resistant to most concentrations of hydrofluoric acid. If you prefer a … Continue reading

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Q: I have a process that utilizes about 10% hydrochloric acid with trace amounts of other chemicals. I tried zirconium bolts because they are known for HCl but we’re burning through them like crazy and I can’t figure out why they are corroding. Any ideas and what other material may … Continue reading

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Q: I have equipment that requires a high strength bolt. Temperature and corrosion are not an issue, solely strength. I had tried Super Duplex thinking that would do the trick, but I’m still having breakage. Any ideas? A: For an application that exclusively requires high strength, you might want to … Continue reading

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Q: I’ve been using Monel 400 for a saltwater application but I’m having issues with bolts notwithstanding the application pressure. Is there a saltwater resistant fastener that can give me higher strength? A: Yes for higher strength saltwater resistance you have two options. Monel K500 bolts are an age hardened … Continue reading

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Q: I’m running a process that has a huge swing in temperature fluctuations due to downtime and maintenance. The max temperature is around 1500F. Can you suggest a material that can handle this? A: For processes that are faced with the dual dilemma of both high temperature and cyclic conditions, … Continue reading

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Q: We need a custom bolt for securing a 304SS flange to a pressure vessel located in a submerged DI water pit. We have a few concerns/requirements. First, we need to ensure that galling and corrosion do not prevent us from removing the bolts during service events (between 1 and … Continue reading

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Q: We are having some issues with corrosion in a highly sensitive pharma application. I need a bolt that is corrosion resistant to both acids and organics, but is usable in a high purity situation. Temperatures can reach about 120F. Also, it would need to be a polymer screw available … Continue reading

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Q: I am looking to eventually get a quote for some 3/8″ studs and nuts. I need to have a min yield stress of 29 ksi at 700F.  SA-540 Grade B22 Class 2 or SB-637 should work. Is this something you can provide? A: These are very different materials: A-540 Grade B22 Class … Continue reading

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Q:  How do ceramic alumina screws compare to steel screws as far as strength goes? The load would most likely be tension, but some compression too. A:  If you compare 316 Stainless Steel to Zirconia ceramic screws, their tensile strengths are similar (around 75 ksi tensile) with Alumina ceramics being … Continue reading

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Q: I have an application that is exposed to mainly chloride but has some other acid contamination. Can I still use titanium to protect for corrosion. A: Though titanium fasteners are highly resistant to chloride – almost immune – they typically do not work well with many other mixed acid … Continue reading

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Q: Can I use Molybdenum outside of a vacuum? A: Yes and no. It can be used outside a vacuum but it is much more limited, especially if in an oxygen rich environment. The catch is if you use Molybdenum outside a vacuum (in an oxygenated environment) the temperature MUST … Continue reading

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Q: We currently use Titanium screws, and I would like to know pricing and lead time to replace them with Tantalum screws to improve their resistance to HCL. A: What concentration and temp are you at with the HCl?  See the HCl Iso-Corrosion curve for Hastelloy C276.  Tantalum screws will … Continue reading

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Q:  I have an application, which will be heated by radiant heat from below to 700°C to 900°C. The problem I am trying to solve is that the screws tend to fuse to the plate they are fastening. Black Oxide alloy steel is the best we’ve tried, but still very … Continue reading

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Q: We are installing bolts into a refinery wharf.  After doing a test run on a few A316 stainless steel bolts, they came back heavily corroded. Do you have an coating that can be used for salt water applications that would prevent this? Or do can you advise on another … Continue reading

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A. We  need a screw that is usable at 200C in air only, so no chemical resistance needed. I like the high strength of the Carbon Fiber PEKK or PEEK Extreme.  Will these work?A Q: Would recommend using either Glass filled PEEK or Vespel. Vespel screws are made from the … Continue reading

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Q: I have an application where I need contaminants to vent. I want to limit the amount of atmosphere that is vented – can I specify the diameter of the drill hole in a vented screw? A: Yes, depending on the diameter we can produce vented screws that are per … Continue reading

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Q: I’m looking for a unique type of screw called a snake eye screw. I noticed that you work with specialty alloys and I’m looking for this part made of hastelloy – is this possible? A: A snake eye screw is another name for a spanner security screw. Depending on … Continue reading

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Q: I have a hazardous application that involves sulfuric acid. We need to prevent anyone from tampering with this application. Can you help me out with a solution? A: Yes. First regarding the sulfuric acid, you’ll need a bolt that can resist this type of environment. Depending on the concentration … Continue reading

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Q: I heard their is a type of bolt with a hollow core that I can use to enable a faster pump-down on my vacuum system. Is this something you are familiar with or can offer? A: Yes this type of bolt is referred to as a vented screw. It … Continue reading

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Q: I have a need for a marine resistant fastener that I can use to fasten equipment to concrete. Is there a bolt you can recommend? A: For concrete fastening one of the best solutions is a wedge anchor bolt. This style of bolt features an expansion mechanism which expands … Continue reading

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Q: Can I use a wedge anchor to attach a piece of equipment to metal? I need a high strength fastener. A: No. Wedge anchors are used to strictly for fastening into concrete. The anchor is actually an expansion mechanism which fans out and locks the bolt into concrete as … Continue reading

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Q: I need a large quantity of fasteners that can offer about 100ksi of tensile strength and provide me resistance to seaspray and salt air. Is titanium a good choice?   A: Titanium grade 5 bolts will meet both these requirements, but will probably be overkill in your situation. For this … Continue reading

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Q: We’re in need of bolts for an oil & gas refinery. How can I be sure you your materials meet technical requirements. A: We can provide fasteners that meet NACE MR0175 and NACE MR0103 specific requirements for different metallic materials. When requesting a quote, please ask for all necessary … Continue reading

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Q: Can I use Hastelloy C276 bolts for protection from Nitric Acid? A: Typically this is not recommended. Though C276 bolts are highly corrosion resistant to many acids, it is not very resistant to strong oxidizers like nitric acid. Materials with higher chromium content like Incoloy and possibly Hastelloy C22 … Continue reading

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Q: I’m interested in TZM or Tantalum fasteners and was also wondering if there was an option to have the fasteners coated to increase the use temperature in air? A: There really is not a coating that could be used for tantalum and molybdenum screws to increase their life in … Continue reading

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Q: We’re using sodium hydroxide as a water treatment chemical to raise the pH of water but are experiencing corrosion. Is there a material that can handle this? A: Typically for caustic soda (sodium hydroxide) corrosion, you might want to consider Nickel 200 bolts. Nickel 200 is best known for … Continue reading

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Q: Looking at options to increase the tensile strength for a socket head cap screw. We are currently using grade 8. Would Waspaloy be a good option? A: If you are looking for a fastener with higher strength than Grade 8 Alloy Steel (150 KSI Tensile, 130 KSI Yield), and … Continue reading

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Q: I have require fasteners for use in an annealing oven for aa centrifugal fan (@1725 RPM) attached to a shaft with a through bolt and nut (shaft and fan are both SST). The environment is 1275 degrees F at atmospheric pressure and runs continuously 5 days a week I … Continue reading

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Q: What stud and nut material should I use with a ANSI 600# Alloy 800 HT pipe class max temperature 1650°F. A: Given that you are at a high temperature and pressure I would recommend going with an Inconel 625 stud. This will provide the best combination of high temperature … Continue reading

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Q: Are you able to provide the assembly torque number for titanium M42 diameter bolts? A: The torque required for large bolts like this can vary GREATLY depending on the conditions, lubrication, surface roughness, dirt, etc.  The required torque can vary by as much as +/-50%.  However with that in … Continue reading

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Q: Looking to change to a non-conductive material for use in a high impact application. Would Alumina or Zirconia ceramic fasteners be a good fit? A: We could certainly quote you some ceramic hardware, however ceramics may not be the best non-conductive choice for a high impact environment.  Ceramic fasteners … Continue reading

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Fasteners for CHLORIDE CORROSION Fighting chloride corrosion is one of the most common issues that face industrial processes. From industrial process in water treatment to pulp & paper as well as seawater applications, chlorides are very common and menace to industry. This brief newsletter shares insight into which materials for … Continue reading

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Q: I have a need for a fastener for cyrogenic Helium (3.5K) application. Ideally, the fastener would be non conductive (electrically). Are any of the non conductive options you have listed good for cryo use? A: You might want to consider PTFE of PEEK fasteners. These are polymers that will … Continue reading

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Q: Can you provide the torque specification for a Hastelloy C276 4-40 socket head cap screw and a Nickel 200 4-40 socket head cap screw? A: The torque tables are developed for screw heads that have no limitations on torque.  Unfortunately the socket head drives will likely cam-out before you … Continue reading

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I am looking for the best available material solution for Oil&Gas industry with occasionally presence of H2S. For now we are using A286 but I am not sure about its H2S resistance. What kind of material you can recommend that is comparable to A286 and is H2S rated?   When … Continue reading

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Q:  Im looking for Inconel 718 bolts but I need a bit more strength than what is typically offered as a min of 185ksi Ultimate Tensile. Is it possible to make Inconel 718 stronger than that? A: Yes…Actually Inconel 718 bolts are available in a few different flavors. The most … Continue reading

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Q: We are installing denso jackets around several steel piles at a wharf. The jackets are going to be held together by A316 stainless steel bolts. After doing a test on a few, they came back heavily corroded. Can you suggest a material that can handle the salt water? A: … Continue reading

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Q: I’m using aqueous Hydrofluoric acid in a silicon etching process but amy Nickel 200 bolts aren’t holding up. Is there a better material I can use? A: Nickel 200 fasteners are excellent for use in anhydrous hydrofluoric acid, but in the aqueous form of HF acid they offer limited … Continue reading

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Q: I work in a plant that manufactures paper. We’re treating pulp with a solution containing sodium sulfide and sodium hydroxide to dissolve the wood materials and produce cellulose to make paper. Can you suggest a material that can give our bolting some corrosion protection and better longevity. Some of … Continue reading

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Q: We are interested in a fastener material that can work at 1000°C in high vacuum? Do you have any suggestions? A: For high temperature vacuum environments, a great material to consider for your fasteners would be Molybdenum screws. Molybdenum screws have an extremely high melting point of over 2600°C … Continue reading

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Q: I am in need of six 7/8″ diameter bolts, 9″ in length, that can withstand about 230,000 psi in tensile stress for infrastructure project. Do you have any bolt that can meet this strength requirement? A: When you are talking about extremely high strength in the range of 230 … Continue reading

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Q: I’m running a chlor alkali process to produce sodium hydroxide. We would like bolts that have a strong resistance to the NaOH. Should I try hastelloy? A: In terms of caustic alkaline solutions, such as sodium hydroxide, your best bet would be Nickel 200 bolts which are known to … Continue reading

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Q: Isaw on the website that you produce Belleville spring washers. Are you also able to produce these in TZM? We are looking for Belleville spring washers which can withstand high temperatures to 500 degrees Celsius. A: Unfortunately, we can’t produce Belleville washers in TZM or other refractory metals,but we … Continue reading

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Q: I’m looking for bolts/nuts material able to withstand to cycling temperature changes from 20 Celsius up to 600 Celsius. Strength is also important . Looking for something with tensile strength at least 800 Mpa. The application is diesel engine exhaust manifold. Looking at your web site not sure Inconel … Continue reading

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Q: We are providing the Navy components made of Navy G Bronze that incorporates shoulder bolts and set screws. The assembly will be exposed to air, salt water, modest temperatures (0C to 80C), and limited stress. What alloy do you recommend? A: Sounds like a Monel 400 might be a … Continue reading

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Q:  Looking for bolts that will be used for large Diesel engine exhaust compensators in a power plant. The normal operating temp of the exhaust is 700 degrees F at full load. Loads do fluctuate often and engines experience downtime. The exhaust system does experience extreme force and vibration. Any … Continue reading

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Tungsten alloy chart Revised 6 28 18Q: I see that you list 5 different grades of Tungsten on your site, would you maybe help me choose which is the best for my application? A: There are two important differences. First, pure tungsten screws are stronger. For example 99.95% tungsten offers 142 ksi UTS vs Class 1 … Continue reading

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PEEK, PVDF and PTFE all offer lightweight, electrical & thermal insulation and great corrosion resistance. But when it comes to strength, temperature, purity and corrosion, each has its niche. The newsletter points out which is best to use in different conditions. TEMPERATURE PEEK and PTFE screws offer excellent high temperature … Continue reading

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What is a refractory metal fastener? Molybdenum, tantalum, tungsten and zirconium are all refractory metals. (We are excluding titanium from this topic although it can be considered a refractory metal by certain definitions). All these refractory metal fasteners are characterized by their high-temperature melting points, but they also have other … Continue reading

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Q: An application with limited space using a #4-40 screw with an assumed tensile strength of 120,000 PSI. This screw continues to break. Do you offer a screw with a higher strength? Also, This screw is used to hold a plate to the end of an air cylinder.  It probably … Continue reading

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I have a customer looking for some studs for a flange that they say could reach 1800deg F. What would you use for that? At 1800F you have a couple of options. In a steel variety you have alloy 330 studs. This will be oxidation resistant and stable at the … Continue reading

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Q:  For a marine project will 316SS cold worked (grade A4-80) hold up in strength pretty close to Monel K500? And what is the price comparison? A: Thanks for contacting and good question.  The major difference is the strength and corrosion resistance. You will have decent strength of a A4-80 … Continue reading

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Q: We have on application that utilizes an HCl tank and are currently using hastelloy C276 bolts but they are not sufficient. Should we try tantalum fasteners or anther material like PEEK? The bolts are for a flanged valves connections  concentration is 36%, temperature 45ºC. A: Though the HCl is … Continue reading

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Q: I need a material that offers about 80-90ksi yield but is also corrosion resistant to low concentrations of sulfur acid. I’m tried 17-4Ph but its not working? Any ideas. A: Yes, 17-4PH fasteners are excellent for high strength like you need, but are not really geared for corrosion resistance … Continue reading

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Q: I need a bolt that can handle high temperatures and be an electric insulator? What can I use? A: That depends on what you mean by high temperature and what other issues you have like the strength requirements. If you are talking about temperatures under 500F, then you may … Continue reading

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Titanium is an amazing material offering strength, lightness of weight, and corrosion resistance but there are also instances that titanium should not be used. This brief newsletter covers the do’s and don’ts of titanium screws. Do Use for Saltwater & Chloride Resistance One of the most noteworthy uses of titanium … Continue reading

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Q: I’m looking for a socket head cap screw that is 5/8″-11 x 5.5 inches in length. Need the material to be non-conductive and was thinking Ceramic Zirconia? Would that work? A: Ceramics like Zirconia screws are in fact an excellent insulator from electrical current. However zirconia ceramic fasteners are … Continue reading

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Q: Are there any materials I can use with the strength of 17-4PH in the H1150 heat treat, but with better corrosion resistant properties. I have low levels of sulfuric acid and chlorides that seem to be attacking the 17-4 steel. A: The best choice for both extreme strength and … Continue reading

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Q: I’m designing a furnace vent system for a continuous service high heat appliance (NFPA 211). The maximum furnace working temperature is 2100 deg F; design temperature is 2190 deg F. Will Alloy 330 or 310 SS bolts and nuts work for me? A: You are at the absolute limit … Continue reading

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Q: I’m looking for a polymer washer that can be used as a dielectric break between aluminum and titanium. It will also be exposed to salt water. Is torlon a good choice? A: Torlon washers will work in this situation, but there are probably more cost efficient solution for this … Continue reading

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Q: I’ve been using zirconium to handle a nitric acid solution but am still experiencing corrosion? I’m not sure why or if there is a better option? A: Zirconium bolts offer some of the best corrosion resistance to nitric acid as well as sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid, even at … Continue reading

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Q: Since Monel is resistant to NaCl does that mean it can handle a strong chloride situation? A: Monel is resistant to chlorides but, for strong chlorides your best bet is to use Titanium screws. Titanium fasteners are almost inert to all chlorine and chloride environments due to the fact … Continue reading

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Q:  I have a high temperature application that can reach close to 1800F that requires not just corrosion resistance from low levels of acid and salt contamination, but I also need good strength. Would Alloy 310 bolts work? A: Alloy 310 bolts could be a possibility, depending on the strength … Continue reading

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Salt water is great for swimming, but provides industry a wide range of corrosion challenges from marine vessels to desalination plants, and even off-shore oil. The good news is there are several materials that perform very well in these environments. This newsletter compares them on their salt water corrosion resistance … Continue reading

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Q: I have a laboratory applications that uses about 25% sulfuric acid at room temperature to 100F. I’d like to use a polymer rather than a metal if possible. I tried PTFE screws because I thought they were corrosion resistant, but they need to be replaced often because they can’t … Continue reading

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Q: I’m dealing with a moderate chloride environment but my temperature can sometimes reach 450F. I’ve tried titanium bolts but am having some corrosion issues. Is there another material I can use? A: There are several potential choices but as the temperature increases the corrosion rate and aggressive nature of … Continue reading

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Q: I’m working in a reverse osmosis facility that purifies seawater for drinking water. We are experiencing some corrosion in some of our valve attachments which I’m assuming is from the salt water. Any recommendations on a fastener that won’t corrode in these conditions? A: Your best bet would be … Continue reading

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Q: I have an application in which I require a 1/2in-13 Hex bolt that will be in an inert gaseous environment at 500C. The bolt will be fastened to a Titanium Grade 5 nut. What material bolt would work best? A: I would suggest either Inconel 625 or Inconel 718 … Continue reading

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Q: We have on application in one HCL tank and we are using hastelloy bolts but they are not efficient. So I ask the quotation for material tantalum in metals or other material like PEEK, please advise what is the better solution. A:  It depends on the temperature of the … Continue reading

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Extreme high strength fasteners made from advanced alloys allow industries such as aerospace, mining, and oil & gas to push the limits of what is possible.  With requirements of ultimate tensile strengths beyond 200ksi this newsletter reviews these materials, their specific traits and niches.   17-4 PH Age hardened, 17-4PH … Continue reading

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Q: I’m looking into a bolt which will be used to create vacuum seal with graphite  and hold vacuum of 1 Pa. I’ve tried Inconel 718 but they seem to fail loosen at high temperatures, and my system requires 1500 F. Because I am trying to seal a vacuum system, … Continue reading

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From thermal processing and furnace applications to the extreme demands of aerospace, several high temperature alloys are available each with unique traits and capabilities. This brief newsletter will outline the primary fastener materials that are commonly used for excellent high temperature and oxidation resistance. Best High Temperature Oxidation Resistant Fasteners … Continue reading

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Q: We are a manufacturer seeking a fastener for an air cooled engine’s head bolt replacement project. The fastener would be used to hold a aluminum cylinder head. We would like to use 17-4PH but are concerned about galling? A: As you would be using two different materials, the 17-4PH … Continue reading

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Q: We are using ceramic screws in one of vacuum furnaces, they’re breaking due to thermal stresses. There is lots of thermal cycling. Are their any less brittle materials we can use?  The environment is low pressure with a max temperature of 1050C. Gases used in the system include: argon, … Continue reading

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Q: I have a hot sulfuric acid application that utilizes approximately 25-32% sulfuric acid. I really need a corrosion resistant bolt but due to the vastness of the operation, I’m wondering if there is a lower cost option than Hastelloy. A: For hot sulfuric acid in your concentration range, we … Continue reading

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Q: I’m in the testing phase of a new application that will require a high strength bolt that has a yield strength of about 220ksi. The biggest problem is that the bolts will also be exposed to burst of high temperature of about 1000F. Is there any material you can … Continue reading

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Q: I’m having issues with thread galling. We’ve switch to coarse threads and tried to slow down installation speed/over-tightening. Any other ways we can prevent this? A: There are a few other things to consider in reducing thread galling. First, when possible use dissimilar metals with different hardness. Having material … Continue reading

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Q:  I need some bolting to attach some surface steam piping for a power industry project. They’re using duplex bolts now but its showing some slight corrosion. Chlorides are involved and maybe some other contaminants. Ideas? A:  Surface steam condensers and other power industry elements that are exposed to salts … Continue reading

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Q: We’re making some changes in our waste water treatment process and are going to using hydrochloric acid (HCl) as a means of lowering the pH levels. Will I need to upgrade my duplex bolting? A: Assuming your waster water is at ambient temperatures the only thing you need to … Continue reading

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Q: I read that titanium regenerates a protective layer quickly in presence of water. Does that mean its okay to use it with sulfuric acid with steam present? A: Titanium fasteners are probably not the best solution for sulfuric acid but may work depending on your concentration and temperature.  Titanium … Continue reading

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Q:  I’m working with a process that requires a constant operating temperature of 450F. Do I need to use a metal screw or is there a polymer that can handle this? A:  There are definitely polymers that can handle an environment of 450F. One option is a PEEK fastener. PEEK … Continue reading

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Q:  We have some machinery operating in salt fog with sea spray as well. Salt corrosion is an issue but most importantly I need bolts with a yield strength over 100ksi. Any thoughts? A:  For this environment you have two options. First, with a yield strength of 110ksi I’d suggest … Continue reading

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Q: I have a situation where I’m not only dealing with a hot steam environment which  can reach 700F but there is also sulfuric acid condensation that can form during cool down periods. Are their any materials that can handle heat and corrosion? A: Typically when dealing with sulfuric acid … Continue reading

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Q: I’m having trouble with corrosion of our bolts in a sour gas well environment and we are currently using a super duplex stainless steel. Can you help me with a bolting material that would be improved? A: Hastelloy C276 bolts are ideal for sour gas environments and would be … Continue reading

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I’m running some laboratory testing in a mixed acid environment and would like to use a corrosion resistant polymer as apposed to a metal. I’ve tried PEEK screws but am still struggling a bit with some acids. Is there anything better? PEEK screws provide reasonable corrosion resistance to most acids … Continue reading

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Q: I’m running a coastal power operation and am having some corrosion on my stainless steel bolts that are outside. Can salt air do that? And any suggestions on a material. I need high volume so I need to go with something economic. A: Salt air can cause corrosion. If … Continue reading

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I’m looking for a non-corroding and magnetic washer for use in a salt water environment. Specifically, we plan to weld this washer onto a 316 stainless basket so that it can be attached to a magnet. Currently we are using 302 stainless baskets, which are magnetic enough to attach to … Continue reading

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Q: I need a shoulder bolt that will not change its shape at elevated temperatures. The bolt is near a mild carbon steel welding process and is under a small load. It is not in the heat affected zone, but it does see an elevated temperature. I am not sure … Continue reading

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Q: I need a salt water corrosion resistant screw that will work well to fasten an aluminum housing for deep sea equipment. I am concerned about galvanic corrosion. What material should I consider? A: Since you are using fasteners in an ocean environment and in contact with aluminum you have … Continue reading

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Q: I work in the food industry and need a larger sized polymer fastener sized 1/4-20 x 2.5″. I tried PTFE but it isn’t does not seem to have enough strength. It also needs to be FDA approved and offer moderate corrosion resistance. A: Not knowing the specific strength requirements … Continue reading

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Q: We are altering the chemicals we use to regulate the pH level of our manufacturing process with hydrochloric acid. I’m using some Inconel 625 bolting – will this work in the HCl too?   A: Inconel 625 bolts offer a high level of corrosion resistance for many acids, may work … Continue reading

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Q: I have an application where I need a non-metal fastener because of insulation and magnetic issues. The problem is that it also needs to be able to retain strength at about 520°F. Should I use a ceramic? A: Ceramic fasteners are definitely not necessary at these temperatures, although they … Continue reading

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Q: I have some machinery exposed to salt water as well has drastic temperature swings. I’m concerned about corrosion but also a material that will become brittle. A: Monel 400 bolts are an excellent material for salt water corrosion protection and is a go-to material for many marine applications. As … Continue reading

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Q: I need some high temperature engine components that can provide high strength (100ksi yield) to 1000F as well as oxidation resistance? Are molybdenum bolts good for that? A: Though Molybdenum is excellent in high temperature environments its generally reserved for very high temperature vacuum application where no oxygen is … Continue reading

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Q: I’m dealing with a stagnant seawater situation. I’ve tried Monel 400 bolts because of its salt water resistance but am experiencing mild pitting corrosion. Any material that would fair better? A: Monel 400‘s only Achilles heel in terms of salt water situations usually occurs in stagnant waters where is … Continue reading

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Q: I have a process where I’m experiencing corrosion from my industrial water system. I’ve tried Hastelloy C276 bolts but they are corroding much faster than I would expect. The water only has low levels of Hydrofluoric Acid (HF). Any ideas would be great. A: Hydrofluoric acid is an unusual … Continue reading

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Q: I’m running a chlor-alkali process and have been using Duplex 2507 bolts. I choose them for their yield strength and corrosion resistance but am still having issues with the chlorine. Ideas? A: Many chlor alkali processes use Titanium fasteners for its combination of high strength and chlorine resistance. Grade … Continue reading

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Q: I’m running a high temperature ethylene process that will reach 750-850C. I need a fastener that is carburization and creep resistance. Also moderate corrosion can be an issue. Any suggestions on materials? A: This process is ideal for Incoloy 800H or 800HT bolting. These materials are designed for long-term … Continue reading

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Q: I need a fastener that is very low weight and offers good wear resistance for a robotics application. I need about 40 ksi in strength. A: For your application I would actually suggest an engineered polymer fasteners since your strength requirement isn’t high enough to necessitate a metal . … Continue reading

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Q: I have a need for a high temperature bolts that will be used in continuous heat at about 1000F. Any suggestions? Also, will fluctuations in temperature cause breakage? A: One of the best materials for long-term continual exposure to high temperatures are Incoloy bolts. The Incoloy 800 series will … Continue reading

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Q: Can you give me a recommendation for a fastener material for a vibrating screen in a mineral processing plant which uses salt water? I’m not sure of selecting a material that combines fatigue loading strength and anti-corrosion. A: Though I don’t know the specifics of the load strength you … Continue reading

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Q: I’m in need of a high strength fastener that can withstand moderate concentrations of hydrochloric acid (HCl) 25%? Can I use Hastelloy Bolts? I need a bolt that can handle a yield of about 100ksi and temperatures around 100F. A: Hastelloy bolts are definitely ideal in this concentration of … Continue reading

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Q: I work in the fusion technology field, specifically in a plasma physics laboratory. We are currently using a large number of A-286 screws. The screws have to withstand the high pre-loads required to insure the ultra high vacuum tightness of our facilities (generating stresses in the screws of up … Continue reading

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Q: I am looking for some high tensile strength studs with good electricity resistance. I think zirconia of aluminia material will be suitable but I am open for suggestions. The studs would be about 5 inches long. A: Probably ceramics fasteners are not the best choice for this situation. It … Continue reading

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Q: Hello, I currently have an application that requires high strength set screws. One of our machines uses air cylinders with threaded shaft ends made of alloy steel set screws. The set screws are actually shearing off in our application, causing damage to the cylinders and equipment. I am looking … Continue reading

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Q: I’m using a caustic soda solution to remove sulfur in a petroleum refinery. The steel bolts are NOT cutting it. Any suggestions? I don’t have a huge budget, so I’m hoping I don’t need Hastelloy or Tantalum fasteners? A: Nope…You don’t need anything that highly priced. For this situation … Continue reading

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Q: I’m running a cotton mercerizing process that is being altered to utilize sulfuric acid. I didn’t realize how corrosive using sulfuric acid (H2So4) is on my fasteners. Any ideas on how to protect my bolts. Not super hot, just corrosive. A: Alloy 20 bolts are a good choice for … Continue reading

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Q: I’m producing nitrobenzene to be used in dye manufacturing. The nitrobenzene is prepared by the nitration of benzene with a mixture of concentrated sulfuric acid, water, and nitric acid. I’ve tried Hastelloy C276 but its not working so well. A: Hastelloy C276 works very well in sulfuric acid which … Continue reading

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Q: We’re setting up a salt brine application for a chemical project. There may be some minimal exposure to some acids. Can I uses titanium bolts? A: Titanium Gr2 and Titanium Gr5 (6Al-4V) fasteners are excellent for almost all salt related environments, but here since you may have exposure to … Continue reading

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Q: I’m hoping you can help me with a high temperature issue. I’m running an ammonia plant where gases, along with hot air are heated to temps of 1800-2000F. The secondary reformer unit is made of carbon steel with refractory lining. I need bolting that can survive these temps so … Continue reading

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Q:  Hi, I need a 1.25” X 15” bolt that can operate in continuous temperatures of 1000F. Currently we are using a heat treated carbon based 4140 fabricated machined bolt. At these temps the bolts are “Stress Relaxing” and we are losing our clamping pressure. In addition, when we change … Continue reading

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Q:  I’m running a chemical cleaning process on stainless steel to remove the oxides and to enrich the chromium depleted areas again surface. It’s an acid pickling process, where mixtures of hydrofluoric acid (HF) and nitric acid (HNO3) are used. I’ve tried Hastelloy C276 bolting on my tanks because I thought … Continue reading

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I have a high temperature and strength application when would I choose Waspaloy bolts verses Inconel 718 bolts? Great question. Waspaloy and Inconel 718 bolts are both excellent in high temperature strength situations. In terms of strength, Inconel 718 has a edge over Waspaloy offering 210 ksi (ultimate tensile strength) … Continue reading

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Q: I’m using a pretty corrosive wet process to produce phosphoric acid. It involves taking phosphate rock and the addition of concentrated (93%) sulfuric acid in a series of well-stirred reactor. Any ideas on bolting that won’t corrode my bolts and fasteners? A: Since your process is exposed to both … Continue reading

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Q: I’m using HCl in a pickling process and have used Hastelloy C276 bolts to protect my equipment but am still having corrosion issues. Any ideas? A: In pickling processes ferric chloride is created which is a strong oxidizer and most pickling process are at elevated temperatures – Hastelloy C276 … Continue reading

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Q: I’m operating a FGD (Flue Gas Desulphurization) plant and am experiencing some mild corrosion on my scrubber bolting. I’m currently using Incoloy 825 bolts. It’s mild corrosion but non-the-less I’d like to have it cleared up before I get additional issues. Any suggestions? A: Since scrubber liquids and gases … Continue reading

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Q:  I have a question regarding a type of fastener that can handle sterilization. What I need is a polymer if possible that can handle both steam and radiation sterilization processes, but doesn’t leach into my process. Contamination is an issue. A:  You can definitely use a polymer for this … Continue reading

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Q:  We have a corrosive application and we are debating on using coated carbon steel bolts and nuts or a solid corrosion resistant alloy. Obviously the coatings cost a lot less but we are unsure about how the coatings affect mechanical strength. A:  Coated bolts and nuts are typically undersized … Continue reading

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Q:  I’m running a lithium extraction process where a mineral called spodumene is roasted in a mixture of sulphuric acid (95-97%) at at about 150°C to form lithium sulfate. I’ve to use Hastelloy C276 for some process equipment but I’m still experiencing corrosion. Please help. A:  Hastelloy C276 bolts typically … Continue reading

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Q:  I am considering using Inconel 718 fasteners with a Monel K-500 flange in seawater. I’m concered as Inconel is the more anodic of the two and is also has a smaller surface area. Would this cause galvanic corrosion? A:  This is a great question. In this case if you plan … Continue reading

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Q:  I’m running a municipal solid waste incinerator and am having trouble corrosion from a combination of hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid that is derived from chloride and sulfur containing compounds in the waste fuel stream. I was using Duplex steel bolts for the chloride corrosion but they aren’t holding up … Continue reading

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Q:  I’m running a municipal solid waste incinerator and am having trouble with corrosion from a combination of hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid that is derived from chloride and sulfur containing compounds in the waste fuel stream. I was using Duplex steel bolts for the chloride corrosion but they aren’t holding … Continue reading

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Q:  I have a lightweight application that requires high strength. I’ve tried aluminum screws because I thought they were ultra lightweight but after breaking I increased my bolt size and now I have more weight and still breakage. No sure what to do. A:  Yes aluminum is a lightweight material … Continue reading

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Q:  I’m designing laboratory equipment that will be utilized at 325-400F and I need screws that have immunity to organics and low concentrations of acids, as well be FDA approved. Would that be a ceramic? A:  You probably don’t want a ceramic screw. Though they are corrosion resistant and offer … Continue reading

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Q: My customer is having an issue with his stainless steel fastener bending. They are being used in a high-heat application running at approximately 1600F. Is this normal? Any ideas? A: This is definitely expected at these temperatures. If temperature and strength are you main focus, I would suggest either … Continue reading

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Q: I’m running a hydro-treating process that is running at 350-390°C where we’re producing H2S and NH3. Any ideas on a bolt that can handle the temperature and chemicals? A: In this type of process you having to deal with high temperatures and the formation of sulfuric acid (H2SO4) from the H2S especially … Continue reading

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Q: I have a high strength application that requires resistance to damp salt air and occasional sea splash, I’m using Monel 400 but it’s not holding up the the 75ksi of yield I need. Lots of broken bolts? Is is corrosion or  strength? Thoughts? A: Your issue isn’t the corrosion. … Continue reading

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Q: Is AL6XN a steel or nickel alloy? Trying to figure out if it would perform as well as Monel in seawater. A: To answer your first question, AL6XN bolts are actually both a nickel and a steel alloy. AL6XN is often described as a high nickel content stainless alloy. Though … Continue reading

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Q: I need bolts for a well pump exposed to sour gas? I’ve currently use Incoloy 825 bolts which works reasonably well, but I’m wondering if there is a better choice that is more economical and could offer equal or better corrosion resistance – any ideas? A: A great nickel alloy bolt … Continue reading

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Q: I’m looking for guidance on fasteners with good resistance exposure to sodium hypochlorite. The material would need to be bleach-resistance, but also have a tensile yield strength of over 80ksi.

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Nickel alloys are a special class of metals containing high levels of nickel (often greater than 20%). They play a key role in industry for their unique combination of high strength, corrosion resistance to harsh acids (like hydrochloric and sulfuric) and high temperature stability. This two-part newsletter will help summarize the distinct benefits of the … Continue reading

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Oilfields are subjected to a diversity of corrosive elements including carbonic acids, sour gas (H2S), and fracking/stimulant acids such as hydrochloric and hydrofluoric acid. Naphthenic acids and simple organic acids are also found in crude oil extraction. In conjunction to acids, these environments contain sand and other abrasive elements which … Continue reading

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Q: I am looking for a suitable fastener for use in a high heat furnace that is running at 2000F but the actual hearth wear flames go up to 3000F. The furnace is not under vacuum and has a normal atmosphere. We are finding that the 304 bolts are failing … Continue reading

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Q: I have a high temperature application which is exposed to sulfur and chloride gasses. We’re operating at between 1200° and 1400°F. Any suggestions on a bolt material to consider? A: To deal with both sulfuric/chloride atmospheres as well as high temperatures, you may want to consider Incoloy 800HT bolts … Continue reading

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Q: I’m building some lab equipment what will be housing hydrochloric acid. I need a non-metal fastener that is corrosion resistant . Can you make a recommendation? A: In terms of a material that is not metallic and can handle hydrochloric acid, I would suggest either PTFE or PVDF. PTFE … Continue reading

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small-worm-driveExtreme bolt offers hose clamps in Titanium and Hastelloy C276. This newsletter overviews the two styles available – worm drive and medium duty – as well as highlight what materials are best for your application. Titanium Grade 2 hose clamps are in stock and available in the sizes shown here. Hastelloy C276 hose clamps are custom made to order … Continue reading

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Q: Inconel 625 and Hastelloy C276 bolts seem to have similar Nickel content. Does this mean these fasteners will perform the same in a corrosive environment? A: Inconel 625 and Hastelloy C276 bolts do offer similar corrosion resistance but Hastelloy C276 has a slight edge in many acidic environements, especially … Continue reading

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Q: I’m working with boiling sulfuric acid and tried Alloy 20 for some of my bolting but am having corrosion. I’m confused as I thought that is what they are best for. Any suggestions. A: You are right Alloy 20 does typically perform very well in sulfuric acid and even … Continue reading

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Q: I have down hole application containing sour gas and high chloride levels. The temperature the bolts are exposed to is around 150F and I’m having trouble with cracking. I tried Super Duplex 2507 but am still having issues. Any ideas? A: Super Duplex 2507 does provide good resistance to … Continue reading

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Q: I need high yield strength material what is the difference between MP35N and A286? Which is more economic? A: Overall MP35N is perhaps the highest yield strength bolt material available to industry with a typical yield of 250 ksi compared to A286’s 111 ksi; though it is extremely expensive. A286 … Continue reading

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Q: I need a material that will be suitable for oil and gas use. Submersion in hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide, hydrocarbons, salt water at temperatures up to 325F. Crevice corrosion has been a factor. Also need 170ksi min tensile strength. Plus we’d like to torque a 3/8-24 fastener to 50 … Continue reading

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Q: I needed a lightweight fastener and tried aluminum but it can’t come close to sustaining the weight of my application. Can you suggest anything compatibly light weight that is stronger? A: Titanium mass is about 50% less than steel however when compared to aluminium is still about 60% heavier. … Continue reading

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Q: I need to attach an LNG cryogenic pump and need to make sure I use a material that can withstand temperatures of –120 °F as well as don’t embrittle when fluctuating back to room temperature. Any suggestions? A:  Monel K500 is a common choice for  cyrogenic fasteners. It can … Continue reading

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hastelloy-grades_smallHastelloy alloys have long been the gold standard of corrosion resistant bolts; only out performed by metals like Zirconium and Tantalum. This family of high performance nickel alloys can handle strong acids like hydrochloric, sulfuric, acetic, formic and phosphoric acids, yet each grade actually exhibits its own strengths in dealing with specific acids and niche environments. … Continue reading

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Q: What exactly is the difference between Titanium grade 2 and 5 fasteners? A: The primary difference is strength. A titanium grade 2 fastener is made of commercially pure titanium where as a grade 5 fastener is a titanium alloy with 6% aluminum and 4% vanadium. This helps to provide Grade 5 … Continue reading

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Q: I’ve been using Monel bolts to attach a steel platform in a seawater situation, but have experienced some mild corrosion. Not sure why and any suggestions on a better material? A: Monel is excellent in sea and salt water conditions. Two scenarios could have caused the corrosion. First, if … Continue reading

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Q: I have a load bearing application in that requires a material that can handle temperatures at plus/minus 600C? Would Titanium grade 5 work? I know it’s super strong. A: Titanium is a strong material, especially grade 5 which is half the weight and 4 times as strong as 316 steel, … Continue reading

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Inline image 1Q: I was planning on using Hastelloy C276 in hot sulfuric acid. It would be approximately 50% concentration around 100F +/- 10 degrees. Will this be okay? I’m just concerned because I read that it cannot handle strong oxidizing environments and I’ll be using it in an application where its … Continue reading

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Q: I have a salt water environment with high velocities and a lot of debris including sand, dirt and particles. Because of the amount of debris, I’m concerned about what material would work best. A: Both Monel and Titanium can be good choices in this situation. Both perform extremely well … Continue reading

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Q: I’m using sodium hypochlorite to control slime and bacteria formation in a power plant water system. It’s in about a 15% solution. I tried using Duplex fasteners thinking they are good with chlorides but I’m having corrosion issues. Any suggestions? A:  I think the problem you have is the fact … Continue reading

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Q : I am looking to purchase a ceramic threaded rod, but I was curious as to its compatibility with metal. The mount I intend to use made of stainless steel; would this mate well with a ceramic rod? A: While you might be able to thread the ceramic rod into … Continue reading

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Q: I have an application where I need pan head, insulating, high vacuum compatible, screw. It will also need to be usable at a service temperature up to 150C. Do I need a ceramic? A: Though ceramics are excellent insulators, they are usually only used for high temperature applications, where … Continue reading

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Q: We are running a steel pickling process are considering switching from a sulfuric acid process to hydrochloric acid. Our system currently uses Inconel 625 bolting. With this be sufficient? A: Inconel 625 is a good material for acid corrosion but for large system of hydrochloric acid, especially with the … Continue reading

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Q: I was looking at your site and noticed that the ceramics don’t have a yield strength. What does that mean? A:  Metals and plastic have yield strengths because they start to stretch before breaking… the point where they start stretching is the “yield point” and the stress at that … Continue reading

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Q: I’m looking for a chemically resistant polymer that can withstand chlorine and chlorine dioxide as well as a decent amount of weight and tension (around 27 lbs of weigh). Can you suggest a material? A: Of course it depends on the concentrations and temperatures you are operating at but generally … Continue reading

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Q: I’ve got in a high pressure sour gas well. We’ve been having trouble with 316 stainless steel components breaking. I need a solution but not sure what to use. A: High pressures and sour gas combined can cause cracking and corrosion in most standard stainless and alloy steels. Depending … Continue reading

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Q: I chose Tantalum bolts for their corrosion resistance and high temperature capabilities and they are breaking. I’m running an application that fluctuates between 350 Celcius where there could be concentrated sulfuric acid contamination. I thought these would be excellent with high temperature acid exposure. Can you help me? I … Continue reading

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Q: I’m working on a structural project that not submerged in salt water but exposed to moist salt air. I’m not only concerned about the supports having fasteners that won’t corrode but also having a fastener that is high strength. Any suggestions. A: Though I don’t know the specific strength … Continue reading

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These two alloys are often confused as being almost the same, which is almost true. They are both nickel alloys and share many key characteristics. AL6XN and Alloy 20 are alike in that they each retain their strength to about 1000°F. In addition they both perform well, in salt water environments, … Continue reading

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Q: I’m using zirconium fasteners in a sulfuric acid process but they are showing corrosion. I’m not sure why as I’m well below boiling and only using 40% concentration. There may be some downstream contaminants, but not much. Any ideas? A: It is most likely the contaminants that are causing … Continue reading

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Q: I’m running a steam surface condenser which is installed on a steam turbine in a thermal power station. I’m using sea water that could be contaminated with chemical pollutants cooling water side of the condenser. Any ideas on a good fastener for the tubes and water boxes? A: Duplex 2205 … Continue reading

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Q: I’m using hydrogen fluoride used in a manufacturing process to make refrigerants. I know it’s very corrosive and have tried both hastelloy and inconel fasteners, which I thought were super corrosion resistant. What am I doing wrong because the acid is still eating them? Should I try Tantalum? A: … Continue reading

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Q: I’m working on a on a geothermal energy drilling project. Carbon steel we’re currently using to bolt drilling components is failing from corrosion. We have corrosive an environment with high levels of sulfur and salt, as well as temperatures to 260C. Any suggestions? A: Super Duplex 2507 is often used … Continue reading

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q: What bolting material should be used with Inconel 625 flanges? We used ASTM A193 Gr B7 however noticing some corrosion issues. A: This is a very common problem but to answer it accurately, it depends on the environment that your flanges see and also to a certain extent what … Continue reading

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inconel-monel-chart-copyThey rhyme, are both used in extreme environments, and are both nickel metal alloys, but Monel and Inconel are actually very different. But how? Let’s start with basic chemistry. Monel is a nickel-copper alloy and Inconel is a nickel-chromium alloy. So what does that mean for your extreme application? We … Continue reading

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Q: I’m running a semiconductor wet chemical etching process that utilizes 85 % phosphoric acid at around 150-160°C. I need a material that can withstand this process. Super Duplex hex bolts are not cutting it. A: At that particular concentration and temperature high performance nickel alloys like Hastelloy C276 bolts … Continue reading

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Q: I have a waste water purifying situation where I’m using chlorine to treat the water. In addition to the acidic solution produced the fastener will also experience high loads, so I’m also concerned with stress corrosion cracking. Currently Super Duplex 2507 is not doing the job. Any recommendations on … Continue reading

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Q: We have a pulp & paper digester that is used to cook wood chips in an alkaline solution. The fasteners will be exposed to high temperatures and abrasive conditions. Any suggestions? A: Without knowing the specifics of your process, I can make two general material suggestions. Duplex 2205 fasteners are … Continue reading

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Q: I have a robotic application where I need a fastener that is both lightweight and strong. Also, the style of the fastener needs to provide a wide clamping area in a low clearance area. Any suggestions? A: A material you might consider is Titanium, grade 5. The most common … Continue reading

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Q: Is there any advantage of using a Hastelloy B3 fastener over a B2 fastener? A: Both Hastelloy B2 and B3 fasteners provide good resistance to non-oxidizing acids, such as hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid. The only advantages of Hastelloy B3 fasteners over B2, is that they offer enhanced thermal stability … Continue reading

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Q: I saw on your high temperature chart that Molybdenum is listed twice. I’m confused, which high temperature should I use? A: Both high temperatures are accurate, depending on the situation where you are using Molybdenum fasteners. Molybdenum screws can be used up to 2912F only if it is used … Continue reading

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Q: What is the difference between Incoloy 825 and 925 bolts? A: Bolts made from Incoloy 925 are precipitation hardened version of Incoloy 825 bolts. What this means is it is put through a heat treatment process which hardens the alloy at the atomic level. Basically Incoloy 925 bolts offers similar … Continue reading

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Q: I’m currently using Monel 400 hex head bolts in salt water. Should I be using K500? What’s the difference? A: Basically, Monel K500 is a precipitation hardened version of Monel 400. This means the material goes through a heat treating process that changes the alloy’s structural matrix to increase its tensile and … Continue reading

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Q: How does creep occur and what polymer is best to prevent this? A: Creep is the permanent deformation of the material caused by constant load or stress, usually accompanied by constant high temperature. This can result in permanent changes of the fastener shape as well weakening and fracturing of the … Continue reading

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Q: I have a seawater application where the water can be stagnant or polluted. Is Monel bolts the best choice? A: For stagnant seawater application we would usually suggest Titanium over Monel fasteners. Although Monel is very resistant to saltwater, it can experience pitting corrosion in stagnant water situations. There have … Continue reading

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Q: What is the highest temperature I could use Inconel 718 bolts? A: Inconel 718 fasteners could be used reliably up to about 1300F.  Because Inconel 718 is  heat treated or age hardened at 1325F, going beyond 1300F will significantly affect its strength properties. Furthermore, its strength may not fully return. … Continue reading

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Thread galling is a common yet a seldom understood fastener problem seen by engineers and fabricators. It occurs when pressure and friction cause bolt threads to seize to the threads of a nut or tapped hole. The fasteners are not just overly tight but “cold/contact” welded together.

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weld-neck-flangeQ: I have a high pressure application with HCl at fluctuating temperatures. Can you recommend the best flange to provide a safe secure joint? A: Hands down, the weld neck flange is best for these types of hazardous, high pressure applications. Weld neck flanges are easily identified by their long … Continue reading

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threaded-flangeQ: When do you recommend to use a threaded flange? I need a flange that can be changed easily & frequently. A:   After speaking with the customer, I found out that he has a pilot plant where he will be frequently changing parts. In this case a threaded flange is … Continue reading

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Q: How do I calculate the actual break force or yield of a bolt for a particular size? A:   The Ultimate Tensile properties for a material like Hastelloy C276 is independent of the size of the bolt, as its based on the x-sectional area of the bolt which typically … Continue reading

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Inconel fasteners are commonly used for extreme environments and come in various “flavors” depending on the needs of the application. This brief paper will give you a quick comparison of the two most popular grades, Inconel 625 and Inconel 718 to help you choose the best material.

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lap-joint-flangeQ: When is it best to use a lap joint flange? A:   Lap joint flanges are good for very expensive materials like tantalum and zirconium and other specialty alloys like Hastelloy or Inconel due to reduced cost of sleeve vs solid flange. Lap joint flanges are unique in that they … Continue reading

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Q: What is the difference between Zirconia and Zirconium? A:   Zirconia is a ceramic made from ZrO2 and Zirconium (Zr) is a refractory metal element found on the periodic table. So while Zirconia is made from Zirconium they are VERY different.

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Q: Are ceramics fragile? Do I have to worry about them breaking compared to metals? A:   Compared to metals ceramic fasteners are indeed fragile. Unlike a metal, there is very little yield before it fractures. Additionally ceramic fasteners and susceptible to thermal shock.

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Q: Why does Zirconia cost more than Alumina? A:  1) Raw material cost: Aluminia is far more abundant, whereas Yttrium oxide which is a stabilizer for Zirconia ceramic, is a rare earth element. 2) Shaping costs: Due to its higher density it takes approximately 10x longer to grind down and shape … Continue reading

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Q: What advantages does Zirconia have over Alumina? A:   Usually for most high temperature or electric insulator applications where ceramics are needed, alumina ceramic fasteners are the most popular choice due to their properties and relatively affordable price compared to zirconia fasteners. However sometimes the extreme properties of zirconia fasteners … Continue reading

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Q: Need to replace a standard steel washer with a non-conductive material. A:   After speaking with this customer, I learned that he needed to replace a standard steel washer with a non-conductive material for a critical bolted joint. These washers needed to withstand 70°C temperatures while maintaining preload. He … Continue reading

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Q: Can you provide alternative for a nylon pan head screw? A:   Here the customer needed an alternative to nylon. Resistance to electrical fields was a primary concern. In addition, he also needed a material that had a better dissipation factor than nylon. In this situation we would recommend PEEK. It … Continue reading

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Q: Need help with specific needs regarding Polyimide fasteners and their high temperature capabilities A:   This Italian company was developing a new client oven.  They were interested in Polyimide fasteners and their high temperature capabilities. In particular they needed: Usability to 300°C Capability with metal connections Heat and electric … Continue reading

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Q: We need advice on a material that will deliver a tensile strength of 210 to 250 ksi, as well as help us protect against galling. The attaching areas are stainless steel Grade 8. A:   For this instance, we would suggest MP35N. This alloy was developed specifically for high … Continue reading

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Q: I’m using a high temperature vacuum furnace at 2500F. What type of material do you suggest using and is there any advantage of using a metal over a ceramic? A:   Under vacuum conditions with little to no oxygen present, there are some metallic options for fasteners which include … Continue reading

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Q: Is Alloy 330 Magnetic? A:   Though alloy 330 does contains iron and chromium, it also contains nickel. The nickel component is what helps to strengthen the protective qualities of the chromium however, the presence of nickel also makes this metal non-magnetic. The reason is that the presence of … Continue reading

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Q: Can dissimilar (also called galvanic) corrosion occurs between Inconel bolts and regular carbon steel? A:   Anytime you have dissimilar materials you have the potential for galvanic corrosion.  For this to happen the materials need to be wet or in some kind of solution. If they are dry it’s … Continue reading

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lock-nut-chartA lock nut resists loosening from vibrations and torque. Specialty material lock nuts offer the ideal solution to many extreme applications environments. They combine the unique properties of specialty materials, with the secure locking feature of a lock nut to prevent failures in the field.

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NASA has been designing rockets and manned space ships for over 50 years, but nothing like the innovation needed to build a light-speed, fighter spacecraft. At Extreme Bolt, we supply the aviation industry with a diversity of fasteners made from extreme materials. Though Star Wars is a fictitious story, it … Continue reading

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Vacuum furnaces offer engineers a unique processing environment: high temperatures, controlled atmospheres, and rapid cooling. This low contamination environment is perfect for brazing, sintering, and heat treatment. Due to the constant extreme temperatures (typically 1,100–1,500°C), choosing the right fastener material can be a challenge. This brief paper will give you an overview on what high … Continue reading

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Q: Why does Zirconia cost more than Alumina? A:   1.) Raw material cost. Alumina is far more abundant, whereas Yttrium oxide which is a stabilizer for Zirconia ceramic, is a rare earth element. 2.) Shaping costs. Due to its higher density it takes approximately 10x longer to grind down … Continue reading

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Q: Polyimide / Vespel fasteners and their high temperature capabilities A:   This client is developing a new oven application and was interested in Polyimide fasteners and their high temperature capabilities. In particular they needed:

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So you’ve heard the term, but what is it? Technically, it is a method in which an alloy’s structural matrix is altered on an atomic level by using temperature change to enhance the material’s mechanical properties – increasing the yield and tensile strength. Simply, it is a way to further strengthen a material. It is … Continue reading

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Tension, Not Torque Matters: How to Measure Bolt Tension In our last post, we discussed how measuring torque is an inaccurate way of getting the right bolt tension.  In fact, a brand new bolt will require +/-40% torque to achieve the same tension as another new bolt out of the … Continue reading

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(Stay tuned next week for Part 2 – How to Measure Tension) Everyone is always concerned about getting the right torque. Regularly, customers contact  us requesting material torque charts.  Everyone is so concerned about what they are setting their torque wrench to, that they are missing what matters most: getting the right … Continue reading

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With over 30% of marine equipment failures being the result of marine corrosion, the subsequent costs have added up; now seawater corrosion costs are estimated at 4 % of the GNP. Unfortunately, sea water is not a simple medium because it is chemically and biologically active, which can have an … Continue reading

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While hydrochloric acid (HCl) is a common and critical industrial chemical, it often causes significant maintenance issues for fasteners. Due to elevated temperatures, fluctuating concentrations and permeation of its vapors, utilizing the correct material for your fasteners is key to withstanding this potent acid. This article will briefly review some … Continue reading

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Strength of high performance materials comparedWhile there are many grades of stainless steel available for fasteners, we will focus on three of the highest performing grades used:  Super Duplex, A-286 and 17-4PH.When comparing these materials to 316 stainless steel, their properties – of corrosion resistance, strength and high temperature stability – are significantly improved.

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A-286 Tensile Strength vs TemperatureAt elevated temperatures of beyond 1000°F, fasteners face a variety of complications which impact their performance. In this article, we will look at some common problems related to elevated temperatures and make recommendations of the best materials to address them.

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Corrosion Resistant FastenersSulfuric Acid (H2SO4) is one of the most widely used and industrially important acids in modern society, being an essential component in the production of polymers, fuels, pharmaceuticals,  electronics, and mining. While sulfuric acid is commonly used, enabling fasteners to survive in this environment is not always an easy task. To help you tackle this feat, … Continue reading

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Titanium fasteners are well known for their amazing combination of high strength and lightness of weight, but a lesser known characteristic of titanium is its unique corrosion resistance.

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Tensile Strength Curve comparing fastener yield strength vs ultimate tensile strengthOne of the most common questions we get at Extreme Bolt & Fastener is “Which material is stronger?” People instinctively would like to compare the tensile strengths of various specialty metal fasteners to get the strongest one for their application.  While this may seem like a reasonable thing to do, … Continue reading

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All titanium grades are not created equal…And with over 40 grades of titanium alloys available, it may be a bit overwhelming to choose the best titanium grade for your unique and challenging application. But don’t worry, we are here to help…

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Corrosion Resistance of High Performance PolymersChoosing the right specialty polymer fastener for your corrosive application can be a confusing task.  There are numerous material options, puzzling polymer acronyms and generally too much information.  However, understanding the general chemical resistance of polymers will put you in a better position to make the best choice for your … Continue reading

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