Author Archives: Kathleen

Q: I’m looking for replacements for m6 SS bolts on the head of a pump that pumps 12.5% NaOCl (bleach or sodium hypochlorite).  The bolts tend to loosen over time and the bleach weeps out and destroys the A4 SS bolts. The operating temperature is about 80-90 F most of the … Continue reading

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Q: We have gear mounted alloy steel screws that rotate a loaded arm.  As the gear rotates over its lifetime, these screws ultimately stretch and wear resulting in the bolts loosening, shearing, and breaking. Is there a screw material capable of being made that would help solve any of these issues: … Continue reading

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Q: So I was told that 17-4PH Group 630 bolts per ASTM F593 are heat treated to H1150. So how is a 17-4PH F593 bolt any different from the standard 17-4PH H1150 bolt, as they both have the same heat treatment? A: Great question. Yes, you are correct, they are … Continue reading

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 Q:  I am looking for metric heavy hex bolts for a high temperature structural application that will be running at about 500C. A325M and A490M cannot be used, so I would like to use A193M B16 Heavy Hex Bolt, which could be a good solution. The problem is that I can’t find … Continue reading

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Q: What makes Titanium fasteners per ASTM B348 unique? A:  ASTM B348 is a specification that applies to pure titanium grades 1-4 as well as alloyed grade 5 and 23 titanium. The spec refers to requirements for hot or cold worked bars from which bolts and threaded rod are made. Titanium bolts per … Continue reading

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Q:  We are trying to move away from zinc plated 12.9 bolts due to hydrogen embrittlement problems and the geomet finish is giving us problems due to the diameter of the screw. As a better solution, we have thought about using Super Duplex screws or Nimonic 80A screws.  I understand that … Continue reading

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image.pngQ: We are in search for a bolt material that can handle sulfuric acid – compatible with 96% H2SO4. The exposure should be low and only on an infrequent basis. Also,  these applications when H2SO4, DI Water is used to flush and clean off the surfaces during any maintenance that occurs inside the … Continue reading

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Q:  I’m looking to source high temperature nuts, bolts and washers for a marine engine exhaust system with a continuous temperature rating of 600C. Is there a material that can handle the temps and corrosion? A: Probably the best material you could have at 600C in a marine environment would be … Continue reading

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Q: We are in need of 3/8″-16 a 1-1/2″ hex head cap screws in material that can withstand 1700° F operating temperature. What would you recommend? A: A good option to consider would be 310 hex bolts.  This is a high temperature stainless steel that should be good up to 2000F.

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Q: We are essentially having issue identifying the highest available high strength stainless steel nylon insert nuts. Is Duplex 2205 the best option? A: If you are just looking for strength for your lock nut with a nylon insert, one of the highest strength stainless steel’s you could consider would be 17-4 PH … Continue reading

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Q: I’m looking to purchase some ¼-20 bolts/nuts/washers that will be suitable to fasten metal plate together at 1,300C.  The fasteners need to last at least 4 minutes at this temperature but preferably longer. The load on the bolts will be very low. A: I think there are a couple … Continue reading

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Q: What is the difference between “standard” Inconel 718 and Inconel 718 per AMS 5962 A:  While nothing about Inconel 718 is standard, however the most popular variety of Inconel 718 bolts is per ASTM B637.  For this version of Inconel 718, the bolts are age hardened to have a … Continue reading

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Q: Why is Aluminum 7075 often used for aircraft? A: There are many grades of aluminum bolts but those categorized under grade 7075 are specifically used for aerospace and other high stress structural applications that require a combination of strength and extreme light weight. Grade 7075 can be tempered to different conditions, … Continue reading

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Q: How does Aluminum 7075 compare to titanium grade 5? A: Aluminum 7075 can be tempered to many different strengths. The strongest being T6 which not only offers the highest strength. The primary drawback being that it also has low fracture toughness. Aluminum 7075-T6 bolts offer more strength than grade 2 titanium, … Continue reading

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Q: We are looking to find an electrically   non-conductive bolt that would also work at temperatures up to 500 F max. They will be used for an electrically live part isolation kit. Anything that will fit the bill? A: Without any understanding of your strength requirements, and focusing solely on the … Continue reading

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Q: What does the spec ASTM B164 apply to and can you produce hex heads per this spec? I believe it is for Monel bolts? A: Monel bolts per ASTM B164 applies to both Monel 400 and Monel grade 405. This specification standardizes the different processing techniques for each of these materials … Continue reading

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Q: Can you provide me the dimension specs of an MIL-DTL-25027 5/8″-11 Monel 400 nut? A:  MIL-DTL-25027 (superseded by spec NASM25027) focuses on the performance criteria of the locking mechanism of the nut. This spec isn’t for the dimensions/configuration of the nut.

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image.pngQ: What does it mean for Inconel bolts to be produced per ASTM B637. A: The specification ASTM B637 is a raw material specification for both hot- and cold-worked precipitation-hardened nickel alloy rod, bar, forgings, and forging stock for high-temperature service. Inconel 718 bolts are one of several age hardened nickel alloys … Continue reading

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Q: I need a flat head screw that is both non-Conductive Fastener and can survive shock and vibration. Any ideas? A: Polymers and ceramics are the only options for non-conductive screws. As ceramics are brittle, they would non withstand shock and vibration. In terms of polymers, PEEK is the go-to option … Continue reading

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Q: We are looking for screws to hold down electronic circuit boards. Unfortunately the mounting provisions need to be electrically isolated from the mounts. In addition,  we need strength, non-conductivity, and impact resistance, even at cold temperatures (-40C). A:  A great material to consider would be PEEK screws or PEEK with Glass Fiber reinforcement.  These … Continue reading

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Q: Some grades of stainless steel say they are carbide solution treated. What does that mean? A:  Solution treating, sometimes referred to as solution annealing, is a common way to heat treat stainless steel where the carbide phase is dissolved. In this process, fasteners or bars are heated (to dissolve the carbide) and … Continue reading

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Q:  How do Alloy 625 and Hastelloy C276 bolts work together as far as galling goes? A:  Inconel 625 bolts and Hastelloy bolts should work well together.  They have slightly different chemistries, which helps minimize galling. In addition, Inconel is a bit harder than Hastelloy, which also helps. As long as … Continue reading

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Q: What is the difference between NAS1351 and NAS1352? Aren’t they both socket head cap screws? A: Yes, both NAS1351 and NAS1352 are both socket head cap screws. The primary difference is the threads. NAS1351 pertains to socket head cap screws with a coarse thread pitch, whereas NAS1352 applies to only … Continue reading

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Q:  Am I correct in my understanding that 304SS (UNS S30400) can be sold as “18-8” hardware – but that not all 18-8 hardware is necessarily (UNS S30400)? A: 304 stainless steel fits into a general category of stainless steel that is referred to as “18-8”.  However, if you buy … Continue reading

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Q: Can you make a 100 deg flat head, with a hex socket driver? A: Yes this screw can be produced but there are some significant trade-offs that need to be realized. Though a hex socket driver is a typical driver in an 82 deg flat head screw, in this instance for … Continue reading

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Q: I have an deep space application that may experience varying temperatures from extreme highs as well as cryogenic. I’ve been told about A286, but can it be used at cryogenic temperatures too?   A: Yes, A286 can be used at cryogenic temperatures down to -320 where it will remain ductile and offer excellent strength, … Continue reading

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Q: How does the tensile strength of a metal compare to its hardness?   A: Ok there are a few questions here so let’s start with the strength and hardness comparison first. Tensile strength by definition is the amount of stress a material can handle before it will fail – … Continue reading

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Q: What is the difference between A286 per AMS 5737 and AMS 5732?Q: What is the difference between A286 per AMS 5737 and AMS 5732? A: A286 is an age hardened material. These AMS – aerospace standards – pertain to how the A286 material is solution treated and hardened: • … Continue reading

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Q: What are the mechanical properties of A286 Bolts? A:  Below are the general properties of A286 bolts in terms of high temperature usage and strength. This can change though depending on the AMS or ASTM specifications.  A286 tensile strength 120ksi, 160ksi (cold worked) A286 yield strength 85 ksi, 120 (cold … Continue reading

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Q: I think my bolts are galling to the heat exchanger I’m working with because now they won’t budge at all. Guessing I will have to break them to get them out. I don’t want to have this keep happening – so is there any way to prevent this from happening in … Continue reading

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Q: I’ve had trouble with galling in the past and seem to be wasting a lot of bolts, due to this. I’ thinking maybe that I’m using the wrong material – so are there  specific materials better than others to help prevent galling? A: Though galling can happen with almost any … Continue reading

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Q: I’ve heard of thread galling but am not exactly sure what it is. Can you explain?   A: Galling happens when a bolt is over-tightened and the threads seize together creating what we call a “cold weld”. The friction from fastening actually causes the threads to heat up and … Continue reading

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Q: Are galvanic corrosion and galling the same? A: Galvanic corrosion and galling are actually very different. One causes accelerated corrosion while the other cause the threads to seize. Galvanic corrosion is when two dissimilar metals are brought in contact with a solution or moisture – most commonly, salt water. … Continue reading

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Q: I’m involved in is currently looking at your non-conductive fasteners to isolate an SMA Connector. But have several questions for finding the right solution regarding torque, preload heating and cooling, and locking features. A: Thanks for all the questions and interest. I will answer all your questions: How is torque … Continue reading

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Q: Do you have any finishes that you can recommend to add to the studs/nuts to prevent galling? A: Regarding galling there are a few things that could be done depending on your application’s needs. 1) The easiest and cheapest solution is to use an anti-seizing lubricant. We sell one that might … Continue reading

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Q: Hi, I’m search to get a 1/4″-20 x 3ft long alumina ceramic rod. Is this something you can make? A:  For Extreme Bolt & Fastener, 3″ long is the max length we can produce a ceramic bolt, rod or other fastener.  As you may know ceramics are brittle, but breakage … Continue reading

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Q: At what temperature is it safe to use 1.4462 Duplex Stainless Steel Screws in seawater? A: 1.4462 Duplex stainless steel comes under several material and trade names including, 2205, UNS S32205, UNS S31803, F51, AISI 318 LN. It is normally safe to use duplex stainless bolting in brine / saltwater up … Continue reading

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Q: I am designing an engine unit and am considering using 1.4980 stud bolts and nuts at elevated temperature. What is the maximum working temperature for stud bolts made of 1.4980 (A-286)? A: A286/Alloy 660 or 1.4980 fasteners are made of a stainless steel alloy which contains iron, nickel, and … Continue reading

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Q: What is the difference between bolting to SAE AS7466 and SAE AS7467? A: Both SAE AS7466 and SAE AS7467 describe bolts and screws made from Inconel 718 (UNS N07718) material equivalent to the European 2.4668 material norm.  The main difference between these two specifications is the testing requirements. The Inconel bolt material … Continue reading

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Q:  I have a maintenance shut-down and am looking into replacing the 2.4602 / Hastelloy C22 bolts and nuts in. To save time, I was thinking of using Hastelloy C276 / 2.4819 fasteners since I’m hoping to get stock parts. My medium is mainly hydrochloric acid approximately 20%. Would 2.4819 bolts … Continue reading

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Q: What is the corrosion (oxidation) resistance of 1.4980 (A-286) fasteners compared to 1.4404 (A4 / 316L ) fasteners? A:  A286 / 1.4980 bolts provide excellent oxidation resistance up to 1500°F (815°C). This makes 1.4980 bolts ideal for high temperature exhaust streams. In comparison, 316L / 1.4404 bolts can typically be applied up … Continue reading

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Q:  What is the difference between screws made to ASTM A1014 and SAE AS7467? A:  When it comes to the material characteristics there is not much difference in these specifications.  Both standards describe bolts and screws made from Inconel 718 (UNS N07718) material equivalent to the European 2.4668 material norm. These both … Continue reading

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Q:  What is the difference between a screw made to ASTM A1014 and AMS 5663? A:  ASTM A1014 is standard specification for precipitation hardened bolts in Inconel 718 (UNS N07718) for high hemperature service by ASTM International. In contrast AMS 5663 is the material standard from another standards agency: SAE International. … Continue reading

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Also known as Alloy 660, A286 bolts are a cost-effective material for high temperature  strength – see why in this snapshot newsletter. What specifications can you offer? A286 is available in ASTM and many AMS standards (often required for aerospace applications) including: ASTM A453, AMS 5525, AMS 5726, AMS 5732, AMS 5737, AMS 5804. What … Continue reading

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Q: What is the difference between Inconel bolts per AMS 5662 and AMS 5663? A: AMS 5562 and AMS 5663 are material standards from SAE International that describe Inconel 718 (UNS N07718) / 52,5Ni – 19Cr – 3.1Mo – 5.1(Cb + Ta) – 0.90Ti – 0.50Al / NiCr19MoNb. The difference … Continue reading

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Q: I have difficulties getting A4-70 A4-80 and A4-100 screws in small sizes (M4, M5 and M6). Can you suggest suitable material alternatives? A: A4 (A4 (1.4401 / 1.4404) is an excellent material for high strength bolts. A4-70 and higher strength screws in small sizes (up to M8) are not … Continue reading

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Q: I would like to use titanium alloy (Grade 5 / Ti6AL4V / 3.7164 / 3.7165) fasteners in combination with stainless steel (Grade 316L / 1.4404). The titanium alloy screws offer higher strengths than Stainless steel. Is it safe or is there a risk of galvanic corrosion? A: Titanium and … Continue reading

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Is Monel usable at cryogenic temperatures? Not only does Monel offer excellent high strength at temps to 1000F, it is also usable in subzero temperatures. Monel 400 has demonstrated good toughness and ductility in US Navy Tear Tests down to -320F.  In addition, K500 bolts offer increased strength, with little … Continue reading

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Q: What is the difference between Inconel and Monel? A: Both Monel and Inconel are nickel alloys but that is where the similarity ends. Briefly, Monel bolts are mostly used for saltwater corrosion resistance and high strength. They also offer excellent resistance to HF (hydrofluoric acid). Inconel is known for … Continue reading

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Q: What are the advantages of Monel metal? A: Monel bolts are a nickel alloy that offers many advantages. Monel bolts are extremely saltwater corrosion resistant. Monel can provide years of seawater service without corroding. Monel offers high strength, with K500 offering double the strength of Monel grade 400. Monel … Continue reading

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Q: Is Monel stronger than stainless steel? A: In terms of strength, there are many grades of steel and stainless steel. Some of them are even cold-worked for added strength. So to compare Monel to “steel” would be a very broad question – and  difficult to answer without knowing the … Continue reading

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Q: Why is Monel expensive? A: Monel is a nickel alloy. Nickel alloys in general can be expensive due to their high level of nickel content. In general Monel 400 bolts will be more economic and readily available than K500 bolts. Monel K500 is more costly than grade 400 because … Continue reading

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Q: Is Monel rust proof? A: Monel is one of the primary materials we recommend for saltwater corrosion resistance. Monel bolts are also the go-to material by the navy for marine and seawater conditions. In terms of water, saltwater and sea air, Monel is very corrosion resistant – so it … Continue reading

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Q: What are the disadvantages of Monel? A: The primary use of Monel bolts is for saltwater corrosion resistance as well as high strength. Monel bolts are typically not used for harsh acids, with the exception of hydrofluoric acid – where they outperform almost any material, even pure tantalum.

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Q: Is Monel better than titanium? A: Monel bolts and Titanium bolts have both similarities and differences. Both materials offer excellent resistance to saltwater. The only difference would be that Titanium has a slight advantage in stagnant seawater which can cause some corrosion to Monel. Both are the top materials … Continue reading

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Q: Is Monel better than stainless steel? A: Monel bolts will offer improved resistance to saltwater over stainless steel. As a nickel alloy, Monel will provide much better general corrosion resistance as well. Monel is also known for its unmatched resistance to hydrofluoric acid which will even corrode pure tantalum. … Continue reading

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Q: What is a Monel Bolt? A: Monel bolts are made of Nickel copper alloy known as Monel. They can also be referred to as Alloy 400 bolts or Alloy K500 bolts depending on the grade. Monel bolts come mainly in two grades Monel 400 and Monel K500. Both offer … Continue reading

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Q: Is Inconel stronger than steel? A: That depends on the Grade of steel and the Grade of Inconel.  Generally if all you need is high strength and corrosion resistance and high temperature stability are not import, Inconel is not the best material. However if the application requires a combination … Continue reading

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Q: What is the difference between Inconel and Hastelloy? A: Inconel bolts and Hastelloy bolts have similarities as well as differences. Inconel is focused on high temperatures with different grades focusing on strength, corrosion resistance and high temp oxidation resistance. Hastelloy C276 bolts are most commonly used for the resistance … Continue reading

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Q: Which Inconel Grade Bolt is the Strongest? A: Inconel 718 bolts are the strongest grade of Inconel. This is because after production they go through a heat treatment process which enhances their strength. Inconel 718 has a minimum tensile strength of 185ksi  and under special specifications this can reach … Continue reading

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Q: Which is the best material Hastelloy or Inconel? A:Though Hastelloy C276 bolts and Inconel 625 bolts do feature some similarities, they are different – and often used for different applications – so one is not BETTER than the other. Generally speaking Hastelloy bolts offer slightly superior corrosion resistance to … Continue reading

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Q:  What makes Inconel bolts so expensive? A: What gives Inconel 600, 625 and 718 bolts their unique properties of high temp resistance, strength, as well as excellent corrosion resistance is the inclusion of chromium and nickel. These are expensive alloys and in current market conditions, nickel pricing is changing … Continue reading

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Q: Does Inconel rust? A: Inconel bolt grades 625 and 718 are not only used for the unique high strength / high temperature properties, but they also offer excellent corrosion resistance, almost comparable to Hastelloy. This means Inconel bolts won’t rust or corrode in many harsh chemicals, and acids, and … Continue reading

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Q: Does Inconel crack? A: Any material can crack under the wrong conditions. This would typically happen if you expose the Inconel bolts for the following situations: 1. Corrosive materials or concentrations of corrosive materials outside their capabilities. 2. Temperatures that would exceed their maximum usable temperature. This may not … Continue reading

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Q: What is the strongest metal for bolts? A: MP35N bolts are made from one of the strongest alloys available to industry. MP35N bolts offer a typical ultimate tensile strength of 285ksi and a yield strength of 277 ksi. As an expensive alloy, it is used for the most extreme … Continue reading

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Q: Is Inconel magnetic? A: Though any alloy containing iron can be scientifically considered to have some magnetism in certain conditions, Inconel bolts are not magnetic in an application sense.

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Q: Is Inconel better than titanium? A: Inconel and titanium bolts are completely different classes of materials. Inconel bolts are known for their high temperature and high strength properties. Inconel 600, 625 and 718 are considered nickel alloys and are inherently very corrosion resistant to strong acid media. Titanium screws are known … Continue reading

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Q: Do you know who manufactures Inconel Bolts and Inconel Screws? A: Extreme Bolt & Fastener is one of the suppliers Domestic and International providers of Inconel bolts, screws, studs, nuts, threaded rods and other fasteners. Extreme Bolt & Fastener offers Inconel fasteners in Inconel 718, Inconel 625, Inconel 600 … Continue reading

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Q: We have a fastener application requiring the strength of a Grade 8 bolt (per SAE J429) and the corrosion resistance equivalent of 316 SS (or better). This fastener will be exposed to a marine environment, so corrosion resistance is critical. A: If you application requires the strength of Grade … Continue reading

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A&B Thread Pitch Q: What is the difference between an A and B thread pitch? A: An A Thread class or pitch signifies the outer threads, therefore an A applies to a bolts, screws, threaded rod and studs. Whereas a B thread class applies to the internal threading. B Thread … Continue reading

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Q: I want to use Duplex bolts to bolt down a Monel plate. Will these materials be compatible? A: When you mean compatible, I’m assuming you are referring to galvanic corrosion. Galvanic corrosion is when two dissimilar metals create an electrochemical reaction and corrosion occurs. Duplex and Monel can experience … Continue reading

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Q: A customer is asking for DFAR compliant bolts. Does this mean it is domestic material and does it mean it has to be made in the USA? A: DFAR (Defense Federal Acquisition Regulation Supplement) is a purchasing regulation from the US government, which was created to ensure that the … Continue reading

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Q: What is bolt grip length vs the threaded length? And which is the total length of the bolt?  A: Neither the grip length or threaded length provide information on the overall bolt length. The length of the bolt is always measured from under the head of the bolt to … Continue reading

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Q: How strong is a titanium screw? A: Titanium screws are extremely strong as well as lightweight. They are known for their excellent strength-to-weight ratio. Grade 5 titanium screws have a strength of 148 ksi UTS and 138ksi yield. Titanium Grade 2 screws have a strength of 70ksi UTS and … Continue reading

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Q: What are titanium screws used for? A: Titanium screws are excellent for many applications. They are often used for their excellent resistance to saltwater and chlorides. Titanium screws can service many decades in even polluted seawater and are resistant to both stagnant and rapidly moving oceans. Titanium is also … Continue reading

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Q: Why isn’t titanium used more often than steel for bolts? A: Titanium is more costly than most steel so it is used for more niche situations such as saltwater and chloride corrosion, high strength applications that require lightweight bolting and medical applications where you need a bolt that is … Continue reading

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Q: What are the disadvantages of titanium? A: That would depend on the application. Titanium bolts are ideal for high strength applications – especially when lightweight fasteners are needed. Titanium screws are also excellent in saltwater and chloride conditions – among the best materials for these corrosion issues. Titanium screws … Continue reading

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Standard Angle for Inch Flat Head Screws Q: What is the standard angle for an inch flat head screw? A: Flat head screws made in inch dimensions typically have a standard angle of 82°. This holds true per ASME 18.3 for flat head socket cap screws which are the most common.However ASME B18.6.3 … Continue reading

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Q: What is the standard angle of a metric flat head screw? A: Metric flat head screws have a standard angle of 90 degrees. This is stated in the metric DIN standard DIN963 for flat head phillips and slotted flat head screws. Also, the standard angle for metric flat head socket … Continue reading

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Q: Are titanium bolts stronger than steel? A: Yes, titanium bolts are higher strength than 300 series stainless steel. Grade 2 is approximately 2 times stronger with a UTS of 70ksi and yield strength of 50 ksi. Grade 5 titanium screws are about 4 times stronger than 316 with a … Continue reading

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Q: Do titanium screws break? A: Any material can break in the wrong conditions. Titanium offers excellent high strength:  Grade 5, 148 ksi UTS and 138ksi yield and Titanium Grade 2, 70ksi UTS and 50 yield. If the conditions require a stronger bolt, the titanium will fail. Strong acids can corrode titanium which … Continue reading

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Q: Do titanium screws dissolve? A: When you mean dissolve, I’m assuming you mean corrode. That depends on the situation. Titanium bolts offer excellent corrosion resistance to saltwater, chlorides and certain acids. In those situations, they typically don’t corrode. Titanium bolts can corrode in the presence of strong acids. This … Continue reading

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Q: What heat treatment would you recommend for 17-4PH exposed to salt water? Can I use H900? A: H900 is susceptible to chloride stress corrosion cracking. 17-4 with salt exposure should be H1025 or higher. And, best practice it to use the highest heat treat temp that works for an … Continue reading

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Q: What is the difference between UNC and UNRC Threads? A: An “R” pitch can apply to UNRF (unified rounded fine thread) and UNRC (unified rounded coarse thread). The only difference between UNC threads and UNRC threads (or UNF and UNRF threads) is that the root of the thread – … Continue reading

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Q: I need a non-conductive screw. Can I use Carbon fiber reinforced PEEK? A: NO – The addition of carbon fibers into the polymer will significantly increase the conductivity of the material.

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Q: Is there a MIL spec or NAS spec for MP35N socket head cap screws? A: No, there is not an MS or NAS spec that covers MP35N socket head cap screws. For an MP35N socket head, typically we would offer per dimensions of NAS 1351 [or 1352] with material … Continue reading

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Nickel alloys are known for their corrosion resistance, but each material has its own special focus. This newsletter gives a quick summary of the top grades.             Monel: Saltwater…And Strength For years, Monel bolts have been the go-to material for saltwater resistance by the military. … Continue reading

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Q: How do I know if a material is magnetic? A: Iron is the element that causes magnetism.  Therefore, any material/alloy containing iron MAY be magnetic to some extent. However while all stainless steels contain iron, some stainless steels are magnetic, and others are not. The defining factor of magnetism … Continue reading

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What is a Jam Nut Q: Can you tell me what the difference is between a standard hex nut and a jam nut? A: A jam nut has a shorter height than a standard finished hex nut. Typically, it is half as tall as a standard hex nut. A jam … Continue reading

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Q: What is the difference between Inconel 718 standard and NACE 718? A: NACE stands for the National Association of Corrosion Engineers. This group puts forth standards for corrosion resistant materials and when the NACE certification is asked for, the user is typically asking for NACE MR0175. Inconel 718 that meets … Continue reading

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Q: What is included in a Material Test Report for fasteners? A: Material Test Report for fasteners, also referred to as an MTR, is much more a detailed document than a Certificate of Conformance. Basically, it is a record confirming the material’s physical and chemical properties are per industry standards. This will … Continue reading

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Q:What is included in a fastener certificate of conformance? A: A Certificate of Conformance for fasteners – often called a CoC – focus on the part dimensions, additional processing and compliance certificates.  It confirms the dimensions of the part and states that these fasteners meet any of the customers requested industry standards such … Continue reading

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Q: My customer is asking for bolts with EN 10204 3.1 and 3.2. I have no idea what that means can you help me out? QA: EN 10204 3.1 and 3.2, as well as 2.1 all are European standards for quality certificates. The number 3.1 identifies that they require a … Continue reading

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Q: I’m trying to figure out what material will work for my application based on the shear strength. I see you published tensile but not shear. Do you have the shear strength for A286 and Inconel 718? A: Unfortunately, there is no published standard value for shear strength like tensile … Continue reading

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Q: I need a 12 point bolt for a vacuum application with low off-gassing, min yield of 120 ksi, low magnetic permeability and minimum operating temps of 400C / 750F. Is Inconel 718 a good choice? A: An Inconel 718 bolt will certainly work. The only other material you may … Continue reading

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Sulfuric Acid ( H2SO4 ) is one of the most widely used and important acids, being an essential component to many industries. Equally as important is selecting the right material to survive this environment. This newsletter will provide options. WHICH IS BEST? That depends on BOTH concentration and temperature – … Continue reading

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High strength bolts are one of the main reasons engineers look to specialty materials. 17-4PH bolts often fulfill this demand. In this short newsletter we hope to answer many of your questions surrounding the age-hardened stainless steel we call 17-4PH How much strength can 17-4PH provide? 17-4PH bolts can provide … Continue reading

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Q: Can you explain to me what the difference is between cut and rolled threads? A: Cut threads can also be referred to as machined threads. The machining cuts away the material to create the thread form. Rolled threads means the threads are formed by pressing the parts between 2 … Continue reading

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Q: When do you use Titanium Grade 7 Bolts? A: Titanium grade 7 is similar in strength to grade 2 bolts but the material is alloyed with added palladium. This addition gives Titanium grade 7 bolts improved corrosion resistance in mineral acids and strong brines. This is ideal in salt … Continue reading

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Q: Can titanium handle hot saltwater conditions? A: Both grade 2 and grade 5 titanium bolts can be used in temperatures as high as 500°F (260°C). Remember as heat increases this can affect the strength of the material: https://www.extreme-bolt.com/titanium-fasteners-flanges.html#Mechanical

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Q: How does Monel K500 Compared to Titanium Grade 5? A: Both Monel bolts and titanium bolts offer excellent resistance to saltwater conditions. Titanium has just a slight edge on corrosion resistance to stagnant seawater compared to Monel – but this is minuscule. The main differences are strength and applications. … Continue reading

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Q: Can Hastelloy bolts provide high strength? A: Hastelloy C276 bolts can provide about 107ksi of strength. They are typically used for high temperature corrosion resistance. For corrosive applications where higher strength is needed, you may also want to consider Inconel 625. Inconel 625 bolts offer 144ksi of strength and … Continue reading

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Q: What fastener material is best for boiling sulfuric acid? A: Generally speaking, for 20-40% concentrations, Alloy 20 bolts will be the best bet for an economic solution. For all other concentrations in boiling H2SO4 you would have to use tantalum bolts, which can be costly. Though Hastelloy bolts work … Continue reading

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Q: I am looking to get some socket head cap screw made – what is the difference between forging, broaching, or EDM’ing the sockets? A. Broaching is a machining process that uses a toothed tool (broach) to remove material. Linear and Rotary are the main types of broaching. EDM (Electrical … Continue reading

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Q:  Hi, I need a torque range for a A286 (aged, 160 ksi UTS) 1″-8 hex bolt. The calculator gives a torque value of 826 ft*lbs but is there a range that is acceptable? A: One thing you have to remember about torque, is it is an approximation. You could … Continue reading

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Q: We have a drawing for a 17-4 1″ bolt that we would like to order which can be heat treated to H900 – H1050. Are there any heat treat conditions that we should avoid? I’ve heard H900 can lead to sudden failure? Is this true? A: With the 17-4PH … Continue reading

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Q: I don’t see 316 on your sight but would you know if 316H material can be useed at 1500F? A: I believe 316H will survive 1500F without significant oxidation. However, please be aware, at that temperature, the material will lose a significant % of its strength. The material already … Continue reading

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Q: Am I right in understanding that polymer fasteners are  chemically resistant? I know they are not nearly as strong or temperature resistant as a metal, but our temperatures are ambient so would this work for me? A: For HCl, you would want to consider PVDF polymer fasteners.  These are … Continue reading

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Polymers at Cryogenic Temperatures Most often people want to know how hot a material can be used up to in an application, however for cryogenic applications, in media like liquified gasses (nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, LNG, etc.), we need to understand how materials perform at very cold temperatures.  Polymer fasteners … Continue reading

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Q: Which polymer do we offer that would have the smallest compressibility and minimal thermal expansion? We have a very precise laser application. So if the screw changes its dimensions with increasing / decreasing temperatures or loads their device may not be as accurate as it should be. Can you … Continue reading

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Q: I’m designing a process that must be able to handle a high load at about 1000F. I’m planning to use A286, but I now need to know what bolt length size to use to make this machinery stable. I’d like to use as short small of a bolt as possible so how … Continue reading

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Q: Looking for a fastener to bolt together two HAST-X sheets that will be used as part of a furnace fixture assembly. Furnace will be used at temperatures up to 1000°C with cycling from 20°C to 1000°C and back to 20°C over a period of 2 days. This will be … Continue reading

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Q: My customer is asking me for a hex head that is QQ-N-286 per MIL Spec. Do you know what he is asking for? I’m confused. A: Yes we can help. First let’s look at the QQ-N-286. This refers to material Monel K500. Monel is a nickel alloy used for … Continue reading

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Q: We require materials with low outgassing (conforming to ASTM-E595) for use in a satellite and I have yet to find a polymer screw that could meet these requirements. Any ideas? A: I checked PEEK in NASA’s material out-gassing database. It looks like it will most likely meet the 1% … Continue reading

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Q: My customer is asking for a 1/2″ bolt for a high temperature application to 1300F that is to the spec ASTM F2281. What material is this and what is ASTM F2281? A: The specification ASTM F2281 covers several materials including Inconel, Alloy 330 and A286. The spec does not … Continue reading

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Q: Your strength chart for A286 says it offers 120-160 ksi tensile strength. What does this mean? And how can I insure I get bolts that are 160ksi? Is this the spec ASTM A453 Grade 660? A: We can insure you get your bolts made to this tensile strength but … Continue reading

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316 stainless is a familiar alloy to many of us and perhaps one of the most widely used fastening materials. Though it serves a critical function for industry, 316 can often fall short in servicing challenging high strength, temperature and corrosion resistant applications. Here is how it measures up in … Continue reading

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I am bolting 321 stainless steel ducts (we are discussing changing to grade 91 alloy but this is only a possibility), and want to use locknuts to minimize potential for debris. The application is at 900-1050F at the bolts, so I am not sure what locknuts are available at this … Continue reading

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Q: What is the difference between a general purpose, SAE, USS and oversized washer? Are they all flat washers or different styles. And is one better than the other? A: General purchase, SAE, USS and oversize are all flat washers and all serve the same purpose of distributing the load … Continue reading

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Q: Hoping you can help me out. This seems like a technical screw that you may have knowledge on. My customer asked me for a 1/2″-13 x 2″ Long screw FF-S-86 TY IV, QQ-N-281. I’m clear on the size but what does the rest mean? I don’t even know the … Continue reading

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Q: I have a deep sea marine application that requires saltwater resistance and tensile strength around 125ksi. In addition to the saltwater and strength parameters, I’m also dealing with waters that can be stagnant. Not sure if that makes a difference. Would Monel K500 be a good choice. A: Monel … Continue reading

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Q: I’m running a process that requires a titanium hose clamp. I need a clamp that won’t damage the hose and provides a reliable seal as we are dealing with toxic chemicals in a very technical application. Is one type of hose clamp better than the other? A: A worm … Continue reading

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Q: I’m looking for polymer that can withstand around 400F for a high temperature sterilization process in a pharmaceutical application. In addition, I also need the polymer to meet FDA and USDA purity standards. Is this possible with Torlon screws. A: Torlon screws are a good high temperature polymer that … Continue reading

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Q: I’m currently cruising the internet looking for the best way to support a ceiling via suspension from structural steel. We’re building a freezer, and I don’t want thermal bridging from the inside of the freezer up to the structural steel, so a metal rod is pretty much out of … Continue reading

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Q: I have a high temperature application that requires bolts that can withstand around 1900F. There is almost no corrosive contamination – strictly heat and oxidation resistance are required. I see both Inconel 600 and 310 stainless can be used at this temperature – what is the difference and which … Continue reading

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Q: I’m confused about the difference between a hex head bolt and hex cap screw? Is there a difference? A: Yes these are two different types of fasteners. A hex head bolt is just that: a bolt with a head head. It is typically used when mechanical properties are more … Continue reading

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Q: What is the difference between an allen, hex and socket driver? A: All these drivers are the same. They can be offered in a socket head cap screw (hence the term socket), pan head and flat head. An allen/hex/socket drive offers a more secure connection than say a flat … Continue reading

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Q: I’m looking for a clamp for a drinking water tank vent screen. We work with many tanks but this tank apparently has a higher chlorine residual so the 304SS worm drive clamps don’t last long. The clamp that we fabricated was a little too stiff so there were gaps … Continue reading

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Q: I have a high temperature application that runs at about 1900- 2000F. Would a ceramic bolt be a good idea. I need to have some strength and Alumina says it offers 75 ksi UTS? Will that work? A: Ceramics are not often a good idea when their are any … Continue reading

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Q: I have a question on 17-4PH H1150, do you know what the tolerance on the material strength is? Ie +/- 10% ? A: For a 17-4 H1150 bolt, we would use the ASTM A564, Type 630 spec to define the strength as 115 KSI Min Tensile, 105 KSI Min … Continue reading

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  Inconel bolts are a nickel alloy fastener that are known for their use in high temperature applications that also require high strength. Many grades are also used for their excellent level of corrosion resistance in harsh chemical environments. This brief newsletter highlights the unique attributes of each Inconel bolt … Continue reading

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Q: What’s the difference between Hastelloy C276 and Inconel 625? A: C276 bolts have an edge in corrosion resistance on Inconel 625 bolts. Typically Hastelloy bolts are the go-to in many harsh chemical environments and offer improved resistance most notably in hydrochloric acid. Hastelloy is also renowned for their resistance … Continue reading

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Q: What is the difference between a Duplex nylon insert and all-metal lock nut? I’ll be using this in an offshore marine application for salt air resistance and strength. A: The main things to consider between an all metal and nylon insert lock nut is the temperature and the corrosive … Continue reading

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Q: My customer is requesting NAS and MS part numbers. What do they stand for and why are they important? A: NAS parts are National Aerospace Standards. NAS parts are best known for their precision and high strength. They come in all types of screws, nuts, rivets, rod end bearings, … Continue reading

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Q: Can you suggest a different material with similar strength-to-weight ratio as the 7075, that can be produced with a diameter M3-0.5? A: Since an M3 bolt is too small to be produced from Aluminum 7075, I would suggest either grade 2 titanium bolts or grade 5 titanium bolts.  For … Continue reading

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Q: I need an Inconel 625 screw for a high temperature environment with trace corrosives. I’d need torx head bolt style. How many times can I tighten and loosen this type of bolt before I need to replace it? A: You should be able to get hundreds or even thousands of … Continue reading

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Q: I am looking to purchase dowel pins but are there standard tolerances? A: Yes, tolerances for standard inch size dowel pins would be per the ANSI B18. 8.2 spec. They have a diameter tolerance of -0.00 / +0.0002 and length tolerance of +/-0.010. If different tolerances are required then you would want to … Continue reading

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Q: I need some suggestions on bolting for an application that is running at 610 degree C in a thermal cycling environment (Room temperature to 610 deg C). Is A286 a good fit? A: This will depend a bit on the loads you are dealing with, but one of the … Continue reading

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Q: We are attaching steel to aluminum in a drainage pond application, and need to prevent electrolysis. The aluminum materials are degrading prematurely. Is there a non-conductive bolt that would work for this situation? A: Your best bet is if you can use a polymer bolt like PEEK. PEEK bolts … Continue reading

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Q: I have a customer who is looking for some Inconel flat head screws and specifically called out 100°. Is this the standard? A: Flat head screws, also known as countersunk screws, are able to be manufactured with 6 different angles – 60°, 82°, 90°, 100°, 110° and 120°. The most … Continue reading

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Tensiled Data vs Aged Condition Updated 6 2018Q: I have a customer asking me for 17-4PH stainless, but says they need it heat treated to H1100. What does this mean? A: 17-4PH bolts are available in many different heat treatment options. This means that different heat treatments such as H1150, H1100, H1075, etc are applied to the … Continue reading

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Q: I am currently using 18-8 stainless steel socket head cap screws coated with MoS2 in a vacuum. I am having problems with the screws clamping force is sometimes loosening and they sometimes gall and jam, due to elevated temperature (700° to 1000° C) and heat cycling. What would be the most cost-effective screw … Continue reading

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Q: We would like to purchase Duplex parts. Can you xylan coat and Zinc nickel Electroplate them since they will be used in sea water? A: It is not practical to coat a Duplex 2507 bolt as it is stainless steel and will not corrode in seawater. Duplex will provide great resistance to saltwater, … Continue reading

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Q: We are currently using A286 bolts per ASTM 453 at 1200F and are having some issues with durability as the tensile strength we originally calculated necessary was 130ksi but seems like we need higher strengths. Any ideas? A: In this type of environment you should consider A-286 in the … Continue reading

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Q: I’m looking for a polymer fastener that can withstand ultraviolet radiation, but is also FDA approved as this is for a pharmaceutical application. Temperatures are around 100C. A: For this application, a good choice would be PVDF fasteners. PVDF screws are both FDA approved and are ideal for handling … Continue reading

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Q: My customer called out a 3a thread for their hex head screws. Is this different from a 2a thread pitch? A: Yes these are 3 different classes of fit for external inch series threads for studs, bolts, and screws 1A, 2A and 3A. 2A thread class is a medium fit, whereas … Continue reading

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Q: We are looking for some socket head cap screws that would be manufactured from a Monel bolt for oxygen environment – What material would you recommend? A: Monel 400 would be a great choice for oxygen compatibility since it has very low spark initiation potential. The ignition of alloys and metals … Continue reading

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Q: I have a customer who needs 316 Stainless Steel B8M bolts. Would Class 1 or Class 2 have a higher strength? A: If a higher strength is needed you would want to use Class 2. B8M Class 2 is carbide solution treated and strain hardened whereas Class 1 is … Continue reading

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Q: I was wondering if it would be okay to use the Tantalum material in a furnace with design temperature of 2600F. It is a heat treating furnace and I need a 4″ 150 ANSI RF flange. A: Generally due to its extremely high price, tantalum is produced as weld overlay … Continue reading

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Hex Cap Screws and Hex Bolts – Are they the same?   While most think these parts are the same, they do have some slight differences. Hex head cap screws have a flat washer facing under the head that meet specific tolerances per ASME B18.2.1 whereas a Hex Bolt is flat … Continue reading

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Q: I have a customer requesting a UNJF thread for his Aerospace application. How are these different from a UNF thread?   A: This is a great question as UNJ threaded bolts are not interchangeable with a standard UN, UNC, or UNF nut. An internal UNJ thread will assemble to a standard … Continue reading

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image.pngQ: I’m working on a project that is using Titanium bolts for our equipment and we are considering a few different sizes and grade bolts; we are considering Gr.2, Gr.5, Gr.7 and Gr.12. What would you typically specify as the maximum tensile allowable (i.e. 2/3*yield) and the maximum shear allowable … Continue reading

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Q: My customer asked for a Hastelloy stud that is threaded first to first. Is this important?   A: This is a very important detail. There are 2 options for threads on studs.  1) First to First and 2) Overall Length (or physical end to other physical end). “First to … Continue reading

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Q: Would you be able to quote fasteners, that will used to bolt together multi-piece heat treat racks cast from HX. The racks are used in both solution (water quench and polymer quench) and age furnaces. Our typical temperature range during heat treat cycles is 1300-1800°F but can be as … Continue reading

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Q: I have a request for a titanium socket head cap screw. The customer asked to have this screw made to DIN specifications but I found two DIN specs for a socket head cap screw. What is the difference between DIN 6912 and 912? A: A titanium DIN 6912 socket … Continue reading

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Q: I have a customer who requested a Hastelloy bolt per MIL-DTL-1222. Is this something you can produce?   A: Yes we can produce to this spec but first you should know that MIL-S-1222 has been superseded by MIL-DTL-1222. A Hastelloy bolt per MIL-DTL-1222 will cover MIL-S-1222 but the reverse is … Continue reading

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Q: I’m using metric Grade 5 titanium bolts, washers and nuts for automotive application. Since the car will never be exposed to any salt water environments do I need to worry about galvanic corrosion? A: Galvanic corrosion is really only a problem if you have a liquid medium between the … Continue reading

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Q: For a high temperature oxidation-rich environment which would be better Inconel 600 or 601 bolts? A: For this situation it really depends on the temperature range you are dealing with because both an Inconel 600 bolt and an Inconel 601 bolt offer good oxidation resistance. Inconel 600 can service … Continue reading

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Q: I’m dealing with a brackish marine environment where fresh and salt water combine. I need a strong bolt around 120ksi of tensile strength and have been using Titanium Grade 5, but they are quite expensive. I was wondering if there is a more economic alternative that can handle this … Continue reading

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Q: I’m working with a high temperature waste to fuel application that operates at 1000F normally but could spike to 1200F. Currently I am using Grade 8 bolts but I am concerned about the oxidation resistance of them and their stability at high temperatures.  Do you have any material recommendations?  … Continue reading

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Q: How does titanium compare to Aluminum 7075 in terms of strength and density. I need a really strong material with a low strength to weight ratio. A: A titanium bolt will be more dense than an Aluminum 7075 bolt with a density of  4.51 g /cm3 compared to 2.81 … Continue reading

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Q: I am dealing with near 100% salt saturated brine water @ 195°F. I need material recommendations and price on threaded rod that will survive in that environment. A: Hello, with 100% saturated brine at near boiling temperatures of 195F there are a few materials that can work . Bolts … Continue reading

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Q: I have a food processing application that requires a polymer screw that can get hot – about 300F. My concern is outgassing in the heat that can contaminate the food chemicals. Is there something that will not outgas that can work for me? A: For your application I would … Continue reading

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Q: I work on oil rig repair and we are required to have Hastelloy bolts that meet the NACE MR0175 standard. What is this exactly, and do you offer these? A: To answer the easy question, yes we offer Hastelloy screws per NACE MR0175. Now for the my involved question.  … Continue reading

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Q: I have a subsea application that is exposed to extremely rapid moving salt water. Not only is it faced with these corrosive conditions but it must also be strong – 150 ksi  tensile strength – in order to withstand these rough waters and maintain the structure’s integrity. Can you … Continue reading

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Q: I’m a purchasing agent and one of our engineers is requesting a 1/2″-13 x 2″ hex head bolt that is material A286 meeting F2281? What is F2281 mean? A: Good question.  F2281 is a national standards specification put in place by the ASTM. An A286 bolt that meets the … Continue reading

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Q: I have a process that is running at high temperatures that can fluctuate up to 1500F that requires not only oxidation resistance but also some chemical resistance contaminants. I had tried some C276 bolts for the stray acids but they don’t seem to be working mechanically…suggestions? A: A good … Continue reading

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Q: I have a process utilizing a high concentration caustic solution of sodium hydroxide. Would C276 bolts be a good option for corrosion resistance. A: They could be a possibility but you might want to also consider Nickel 200. Nickel 200 bolts find their niche in corrosion resistance to caustic … Continue reading

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Q: We are in the planning process for a structure that must withstand 160 to 165 ksi of tensile strength. Do you have any suggestions on bolting material? A: An ideal bolt for this application would be a 17-4PH bolt. 17-4PH is a material that is over 4 times greater … Continue reading

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Q: Perhaps you can help. I am looking for a stainless-steel substitute to replace a standard SHCS. I will be fastening a stack of hydraulic valves onto a 6061-aluminum manifold with a 3000 PSI working pressure. I am not sure what the tensile strength needs to be comparable to a … Continue reading

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Q: We are a producer of a preservative agent for livestock feed. Our process requires the use of formic acid. Any suggestions on an anti-corrosive bolt that can handle this acid? A: For formic acid I would typically suggest Hastelloy C276 or Hastelloy C22 but it always depends on concentration … Continue reading

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Q:  I am working on two different exhaust systems based on 409 SS. I am looking for a 3/8-16 1” long bolt which can be fastened to threads in 409 SS. Currently, I am using Grade 8 bolts made from 300 M with Nickel Based Anti-Seize. The temperature can go … Continue reading

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Q: I am looking for a bolt that will withstand working temperatures of around 800 degrees. We are having issues using grade 9 bolts that after multiple oven cycles we are having to cut the bolts off due to them being locked up. We need a bolt that will withstand … Continue reading

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Q:We have an anodizing process that sends low voltage current through aluminum bars. We have been using 316 stainless bolts, but over time the electricity heats the bolts up red hot, then we lose clamping force. The tanks contain a solution of 15% sulfuric acid, so there is some corrosion … Continue reading

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Q: I need a material that can stay oxidation resistant at 2000F in a cyclic temperature environment. Any suggestions? A: One of the best choices is Inconel 601, UNS N06601,which is highly resistant to oxidation up to 2200°F and can handle even severe thermal cycling. These Inconel bolts will offer … Continue reading

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Q: My customer is asking me to find them a Super Duplex bolt that meets DIN 912 and ASTM A1082. What does this mean and can you help out with this request. A: Yes, we can definitely help you with this request. Super Duplex is the type of material. The … Continue reading

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Q: I’m working on a medical prototype that requires a strong bolt that is biocompatible. I know I want titanium but not sure which grade is adequate for medical use. A: Typically medical grade titanium screws are produced from grade 23 or TI 6AL-4V ELI or grade 5 6AL4V. A … Continue reading

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Q: I was thinking of ordering some Duplex Zeron 100 bolts for some mild sulfuric acid. How does that compare to Alloy 20? My alloy 20 bolts are suffering some mild corrosion. A: Zeron bolts do offer a higher level of general resistance to corrosive environments compared to grades 2205 … Continue reading

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Q: I have an high temperature exhaust application that requires about 130ksi of tensile strength and is running pretty hot at 1000F. There are also some low concentration acidic contaminants that condense on the bolts during shutdowns, that have caused corrosion in the past on standard 316 bolting. Would A286 … Continue reading

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Q:  Please recommend a material for use in 80 deg C oxalic acid solution. The titanium I’m using suffers, and dissolves. My hope is that C276 may work. We do not need high mechanical strength. I’m looking to order M4 and M6 socket head cap screws. A: Probably the best … Continue reading

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Q: How does a Duplex screw compare to a stainless steel 300 series fastener? Would they be better in a saltwater environment? A: A Duplex stainless steel screw offers many advantages over 300 series stainless steel. Duplex is offered primarily in two grades Duplex 2205 and Super Duplex 2507 (with … Continue reading

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Q: I have a high temperature exhaust stream that is part of an air-to-air energy recovery system that experiences temperatures around 1300F consistently and can go up to 1500 intermittently. I need to ensure that the bolts have a tensile strength of 130ksi. Can you help me out with this? … Continue reading

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Q: Because Nickel 200 bolts have much higher nickel content than Hastelloy C276 does that mean they are more corrosion resistant than a Hastelloy bolt? A: No. Though nickel content plays a huge role in corrosion resistance, however  there are other elements that contribute to the high level of corrosion … Continue reading

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Q: What is the difference between using aluminum compared to a titanium bolt for a medical fastener? A: Medical grade titanium bolts – grade 5 – have an incredible strength to weight ratio. They are 60% denser than aluminum but more than twice as strong. This makes a titanium bolt … Continue reading

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Q: I’m working with a high temperature, bi-metallic bolted flange design. The steady state temperature of the flange is 1400 degrees F. The bolt is TZM, which has a lesser CTE than the thru-hole material. I’m looking for a material with a CTE less than TZM to use as a … Continue reading

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Non-magnetic fasteners service a variety of applications mainly where magnetic “interference” needs to be avoided. Cryogenic and medical applications such as MRI’s are just a few of the key places non-magnetic fasteners are needed. This newsletter highlights a few specialty metal fasteners that can service non-magnetic needs. Inconel Bolts Non-magnetic … Continue reading

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Q:How does Nitronic 60 compare to an A286 bolt for high temperature strength? A: That depends on the strength required and the temperature of your application. A Nitronic 60 bolt is known for its high temperature properties up to 1800F. At these extreme temperatures it can offer good resistance to … Continue reading

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Q: I’m looking for a bolt that can handle salt air and be structurally sound with a tensile strength of about 115-120 ksi max – do I require a titanium grade 5 bolt because I know they are costly? A: Probably not at that tensile strength. A Super Duplex bolt … Continue reading

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Q: I have a chlor alkali application that requires high strength of about 110ksi of tensile strength. Heat is not a factor but I’m concerned about the strength. Can you make any recommendations? A: For chlor alkali services one of the best materials is titanium. While a standard titanium grade … Continue reading

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Q: How does a Duplex bolt compare to AL6XN in a hot saltwater situation? A: Duplex bolts are ideal for chlorides and mild saltwater application such as brackish water, salt air and moderate temperature unpolluted seawater. An AL6XN bolt will provide more corrosion protection than a Duplex bolt in marine … Continue reading

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Q:  What is the best alloy to bolt to use in a flange on the outside Hydrofluosilicic acid storage tank? A: Probably the best materials for Hydrofluosilicic acid bolting would be a Monel K500 bolt. This material will give you the strength and good corrosion resistance to the this very … Continue reading

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Q: Hi there! I have a set screw in a downhole Oil and Gas application that is experiencing cam out/stripping and seeking a recommendation for a drop in replacement. With 17-4 and stainless steel, galling is a real issue for us.  Also with the application being down-hole, if the screw … Continue reading

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Q: Does Inconel 600 provide the same level of corrosion resistance as an Inconel 625 bolt? A: Not typically. For corrosion resistance, an Inconel 625 bolt is one of the more corrosion resistant versions of the Inconel alloys and it can withstand many strong hot acids. While not as corrosion … Continue reading

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Fasteners threads are made by one of two processes. Rolling the threads of the bolt or cutting them. This newsletter will describe each process, as well as the advantages and disadvantages. Rolled Threads This type of thread is made by a forming process where threads are created as the fastener … Continue reading

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Q: I’m running a laboratory process that will be exposing bolts to a variety of acids. I’d like a metal bolt that can withstand low concentration hot acids. I was thinking a Hastelloy C276 bolt may be a good option. Are there any acids I should beware of that can … Continue reading

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Q: It says that Alloy 330 is carburization resistant. What does that mean exactly? A: Carburization is when heat hardens a metal. Carburizing is sometimes used in alloy aging processes when your goal is to harden the alloy. On the other hand unwanted carburization can occur at extreme temperatures which … Continue reading

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Q: I was reading that high temperatures will accelerate the rusting of metal bolts. Is there a material that can prevent this. I’m using the screws at 1300F intermittently. A: What you are looking for is an oxidation resistant bolt. When a metal oxidizes it is attacked by oxygen which … Continue reading

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Q:We are currently using mild steel with a black oxide coating and the bolts are breaking down because they are stretching under tension because of the heat, and corrode in various places from our acids.The acids we use here are Hydrochloric (HCl) and Sulfuric (H2SO4), both are heavily diluted with … Continue reading

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Q: I’ve been using Monel 400 bolts for a coastal operation that is built in polluted, stagnant saltwater. I’m been having some slight corrosion – nothing drastic, but wanted to check if there was another material that would last longer. A: For this situation I would suggest titanium bolts. Titanium … Continue reading

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Q: I’m looking for a high temperature, strong fastener. I noticed that Hastelloy C276 bolts can be used to 1500F where A286 screws can only be used to 1300F. Does that make Hastelloy a better choice? A: Typically not. Hastelloy screws are most often used for high temperature corrosion. For … Continue reading

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Q: What’s the difference between Hastelloy C276 and Hastelloy C22? A: Hastelloy C276  fasteners offer very good resistance to strong reducing corrosive acids, as well excellent stress corrosion cracking resistance and resistance to localized attack. They are renowned for their corrosion resistance to various concentrated, hot acids and reducing environments, … Continue reading

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Cryogenic service can be harsh on any equipment, but gaskets have their own specific challenges. Due to the expansion and contraction when temperatures fluctuate between room and cryogenic, gasket sealing mechanisms can be compromised. This newsletter provides answers to issues facing gaskets in cryogenic service. How do cryogenic temps affect … Continue reading

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Q: I want to use A286 fasteners with our product (a force sensor). Will A286 gall with 6Al4V titanium or 15-5 stainless steel or 304 SS helicoils without lubrication. The customer will not allow lubricants. Thank you A: The biggest factor to galling is using similar material on each other. … Continue reading

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Q: We need bolts for a shutdown in our Bleach Plant where Chlorine Dioxide is the attacking agent. Is titanium sufficient or should we be using C276 bolts? A: Titanium bolts are typically more than sufficient. Titanium fasteners are renowned for their resistance to chlorides and chlorines – they are … Continue reading

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Q: Can you explain to me the difference between Inconel 625 and Nitronic 60 in terms of high temperatures?  Both seem to be able to handle temps up to 1800F but which is better? A: Well that depends on what you are using them for. Inconel 625 bolts are a … Continue reading

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Q: I am interested in 1/4″ x 2 1/2′ bolts and nuts that can resist oxidation up to 2000F. The application they are needed for would be to hold together a steel frame meant to hold tool steel in position preventing distortion during the heat treating process. I would like … Continue reading

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Q) I have cryogenic liquid hydrogen and hydrogen gas in my process and having a really hard time controlling leaks from flanges. All the gaskets I have used don’t seem last very long before leaking and cannot be tightened any further.  Do you have any suggestions for dealing with this … Continue reading

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Q: I’m looking for a polymer insert locknut for a marine environment.  Can you make any suggestions? A:  In your marine lock nut application, the polymer you should consider for the locking mechanism would be PVDF (Kynar). PVDF polymer in combination with the lock nut would perform very well in … Continue reading

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Q: I have an application that needs an alloy to withstand 2100° F with no preload. Would Hastelloy be a good choice? A: Probably not. Hastelloy fasteners have a max usable temperature of 1500°F and is primarily used for corrosion resistance. For these temperatures Inconel bolts are a better choice … Continue reading

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Q: What is the difference between alloy 330SS and 310SS bolts? A: Good question. Alloy 330 and 310 are fairly similar however there are some differences. Alloy 330 fasteners offer high temperature protection, oxidation and carburization resistant to 2100°F whereas 310SS maxes out at 2000°F. In addition, alloy 330 bolts … Continue reading

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Q:Hi, I’m interested in the JG/JP gasket for a cryogenic application. Can you recommend a material with the highest ductility as I’m concerned about the gasket becoming too brittle? A: To protect your process from loss of ductility, I would suggest using a combination of 316 SS and Graphite for … Continue reading

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Q: I have a high pressure application that exposes my flanges to sulfuric acid? Can you suggest the best flange and material for this situation? A: For high pressure applications weld neck flanges have a beveled end that, when connected to a pipe, creates a trough for a strong weld … Continue reading

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Q: Can you offer advise on a gasket that can help with leaking flange joints? A: If you have a process where you have exhausted all gasket options, try one of Revoseal’s gaskets in high temperature and pressure piping systems. Most issues with older piping systems that will no longer … Continue reading

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Q: I cannot obtain an adequate seal with my existing metallic gaskets because my current flange and fastener maximum yield strengths will be exceeded. Any suggestions? A: JP/JG gaskets, with their unique design, offer and low tightening requirement across the surface of the gasket face in order to obtain extremely … Continue reading

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Q: Can you suggest a gasket that reduces piping costs and how? A: For high temperature and pressure piping systems, the required clamping pressure or Seating Stress ‘Gb’ of the gasket in order to contain the process media’s measure of Tightness ‘Tp’ at specified levels of process pressure, is dictated … Continue reading

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Q: Do I need to consider using internal baffles around my nozzles to protect the gaskets from radiation and gas flow? A: With the Revoseal gaskets, there is no need to incorporate baffles into your nozzle designs, since the unique metallic gasket design isolates the graphite or PTFE sealing materials … Continue reading

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Q: I need a high strength salt water resistant flange for a naval application. Will be in rapidly moving seawater. A: Here I would suggest a Monel K500 flange. Monel K500 is extremely strong as it is age hardened. It offers 160 ksi of ultimate tensile strength. Also Monel flanges … Continue reading

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Q: I need a polymer flange that for a sterilization process. It would need to withstand temps of about 300F. Any suggestions? A: For this situation I would suggest a PEEK flange. PEEK is strong to temps of about 500F and performs excellently in both high temperature steam and water … Continue reading

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VarioQ: What is the Vario gasket design? A: Vario is not a unique gasket at all, it is an adder to the existing JP/JG Revoseal gaskets to add in centering the gasket no matter what pressure class flange that the gasket is being mated to. This save metal costs as … Continue reading

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JPLeakRateQ: How do the Revoseal gaskets compare in terms of leak rate to a spiral wound or kammprofile style? A: The Revoseal gaskets perform hundreds to thousands of times better than these types of gaskets. Kammprofile gaskets leak 765 times MORE than a Revoseal gasket and spiral wound gaskets leak … Continue reading

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GraphiteResidueQ: I need a high temperature gasket that can provide a tight seal to a hazardous application that reaches temps of about 1200F. Do you have a product that can help me? A: Yes. An Inconel JG / JP gasket can give you high temperature resistance at these temperatures. The … Continue reading

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Mismatch ConnectionsQ: I need a gasket for dissimilar flange faces with an 8mm gap. Is there a solution you can provide to fit this issue? A: Yes. We can produce custom JG / JP gaskets that fit dissimilar flange faces for a tight seal. JG / JP gaskets could be made … Continue reading

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JPLeakRateQ: I’m using a spiral wound gasket and am having difficulties with leakage. Can you recommend something that can protect against leakage and handle a harsh salt-rich corrosive environment? A: For this type of application I would recommend a titanium or Titanium JG / JP gasket. This style of gasket … Continue reading

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Revolution Main ImageQ: I have a leaking gasket that is in a heat transfer fluid application. What do you recommend? A: For this situation you may want to try the Revolution gasket system. Due to consistent sealing pressure it will offer you a far lower leak rate than an off the shelf … Continue reading

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Q: We are looking for a non-conductive  screw that gets close to the strength of 316 stainless steel, ideas? A: The best we could offer would be our glass fiber reinforced PEEK screws. It has nearly double the tensile strength as natural PEEK at about 22,800 psi. You could also … Continue reading

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Q:Can I get the Eco+ gasket in Duplex Steel? I have a high pressure application A:Unfortunately Eco+ standard material of construction is 316L or 316Ti; however specialty materials like Duplex are available in the JG / JP design. This type of gasket can handle the most harsh environments – not … Continue reading

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Q: I’m looking for  threaded rods and nuts that would need to be able to withstand a potential exposure to ferric chloride and constant exposure to 3% hydrochloric acid which could reach 31% in a rare instance, would this PEEK withstand these chemicals? A: PEEK fasteners work well with harsh … Continue reading

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Eco Main ImageQ: I have a high pressure steam application that is affected by a lot of hammering (pressure fluctuations). What gasket design can I use to prevent leakage? A: For this application I would recommend the Revoseal Eco+. Not only does this gasket offer 1000x better sealing than graphite gaskets, its … Continue reading

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RevLeakRate2Q: I need a high temperature gasket that would be able to handle thermal cycling. Any ideas? A: The Revolution gasket is ideal for thermal cycling. The design of the gasket accommodates flange movement that can be caused by thermal cycling and vibration. The corrugated design of the Revolution gasket … Continue reading

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Q: I have a highly corrosive sulfuric acid application that I need a gasket for a Hastelloy flange. Can you tell me which style gasket would work best? A: The JP/JG gasket would be the best for your application. Because it can be made from specialty alloys like the Hastelloy … Continue reading

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Q: I have an application that requires high temperature oxidation resistance up to about 2000F. Any suggestions? A: For these conditions there are two options I would suggest. You could try Inconel 600 bolts which are usable to 2000F. They offer excellent carburization and oxidation resistance. Since your process is … Continue reading

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Q:  I need a polymer fastener that offers the best corrosion resistance at high temperatures. I’m using a low percentage of H2SO4 but temps can get up to 300F. Any ideas? A: The best polymer fastener for high temperature corrosion resistance is PTFE screws. PTFE fasteners offer excellent corrosion resistance … Continue reading

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Q: We are researching a bolt to be used in a medical implant? Is there a standard material you can suggest? A: While there are a variety of possibilities depending on the requirements for the screw, a go to material for many implantable fasteners for good strength and biocompatibility, is … Continue reading

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Q: We are using A4 stainless bolting on Hastelloy C22 valves for a process that involves NaCl processing media. We are experiencing corrosion. Can you suggest a bolt that would help eliminate this. Can you make any suggestions? Also could you share the mechanical properties of any suggestions as well. … Continue reading

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Q: I’m looking for a radiopaque material for an xray application. I’ve tried lead but need something that is more intense that could be made into a screw. Is there a material you can suggest? A: Tungsten screws are excellent for radiopaque x-ray applications. Tungsten offers a higher density than … Continue reading

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Q: Do ceramic fasteners provide strength? A: The answer to your question is both yes and no. They provide decent tensile strength similar to some stainless steels(Aluminia bolts has a tensile strength of 30 ksi and Zirconia screws 75 ksi), however they don’t have any yield strength. Due to the … Continue reading

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Q: I need a polymer fastener that can withstand high temp pharma sterilization processes? There may also be chemical contaminants in the process. A: Depending on the temperatures you are looking at, the three options to consider would be PEEK, PVDF or PTFE fasteners. PEEK fasteners can be used to … Continue reading

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Q: I’ve been using 254 SMO bolts and am happy with their corrosion resistance but need a little more high temperature stability as sometimes our process can go up to 800F. Any suggestions? A: 254 SMO bolts are in a class of material called 6 Moly alloys. Another 6 Mo … Continue reading

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Q: I have some 316 bolts that are experiencing slight corrosion from a mild chloride environment. I need an economic solution but a more corrosion resistant material. Any ideas? A: You have a few options here but you should consider a class of alloys called 6 Mo or 6 Moly … Continue reading

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image.pngQ: Looking for a bolt rated 320 psi for use at a temperature of  1292F on an Incoloy 80oHT flange? Suggestions? A: Assuming you want hex head bolts and Inconel 625 is probably your best choice at those temperatures. At about 1300F, Inconel 625 bolts (per the chart below) should … Continue reading

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Q: We are having issues with a high temperature flanged joint where the bolts are continually loose when they cool down the system. The issue to me sounds like the bolts are losing tension due to the temps being too high and softening the bolts so they are plastically deforming. … Continue reading

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Q: I have a high temperature exhaust stream that needs an oxidation resistant fastener? Any suggestions, my temperature is about 1400F? A: For this temperature you have a few options depending on the strength you need. One option may be Nimonic 80A bolts which are usable to about 1500F. Also … Continue reading

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Q: I’m using PEEK fasteners in hydrochloric acid but am seeing a slight bit of corrosion or degradation of the fastener. Can you recommend a better polymer for resistance? A: For corrosion in HCL, a better choice may be PTFE screws. PTFE fasteners are virtually inert to most organics, acids … Continue reading

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Q: I have a high temperature sterilization process and am using PVDF screws. They seem to be weakening under the temperatures that approach 300F. Any suggestions? A: PEEK fasteners may be a good fit for your application. PEEK screws stay strong and retain their mechanical properties to about 500F. They … Continue reading

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Q: I need fasteners for an exhaust duct where I want to use bolts to act as a stopper for a blast gate. The max temperature 1650F. Any suggestions? A: In this type of environment, Inconel 625 bolts would be one of the strongest and most temperature resistant materials you … Continue reading

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Q: What would be the highest strength polymer fastener I can use to 400F? A: For this application, probably the best option for you would be PEEK fasteners. PEEK screws are usable to 500F and are available in three levels of strength. Unfilled natural PEEK fasteners offer 16,000 psi tensile … Continue reading

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Q: I need a material with slightly more corrosion resistance than the Super Duplex bolts I’m using. I’m using them in heated salt water for desalination and over time experiencing slight corrosion. Anything that could withstand the salt water better? A: You have a  lot of options. One may be … Continue reading

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Q: Can you tell me how the mechanical properties of C276 compare to the A4 stainless? A: That would depend on the grade of A4 you are talking about but as a rough comparison Hastelloy C276 bolts per ASTM B564 would have a MIN Tensile of 100ksi and a MIN … Continue reading

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Q: Can you tell me what the difference is between Inconel 600 and 601? I need a material for high temperature thermal cycling. A: Both Inconel 600 and Inconel 601 bolts are oxidation resistant at  high temperatures. The main difference is that Inconel 600 bolts have a maximum usable temperature … Continue reading

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Q: Can you tell me the difference between Hastelloy C276 and Inconel 625? They both seem to be corrosion resistant to sulfuric acid but I also need a high strength material. A: Yes both perform well in sulfuric acid application, but in terms of corrosion resistance, Hastelloy C276 bolts would … Continue reading

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Duplex Steel: Strength & Corrosion Resistance Beyond 316 316 Stainless steel fasteners have many applications, but if you are looking for an all-around improved fastener without breaking the budget, Duplex alloys might be a good choice. Duplex steel fasteners are known for their improved strength (being about 2x stronger) and … Continue reading

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Q: What is the max temperature I could expose PEEK screws to HCl? A: This depends on the concentration of the HCl but if you were at about 15%, the PEEK fasteners can be exposed to about 100C of hydrochloric acid solution. See this chart https://www.extreme-bolt.com/peek-fasteners-flanges.html#Chemical. That is the max … Continue reading

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Q: Can you tell me the difference between alloy 330 and 310 stainless fasteners? I’d like a more economic alternative to the 330 but didn’t know if 310 stainless could be used instead. I have extreme cyclic conditions running to about 2000F? A: If cyclic conditions are a concern you … Continue reading

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Q: We are using a bleach solution as part of a medical device application and seeing some rust/corrosion? Any ideas on a fastener material that will not corrode in bleach? Chemicals used are: 5.25% Sodium hypochlorite (or 10% bleach),  70% Isopropyl alcohol and Ammonium chloride A: You might want to … Continue reading

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Q: We are looking for high shear strength non-conductive flat head screws being used for electrical insulation. The screws need to have a high shear strength quality as other plastics screws we have tried have broken. Do you have a material you can recommend? A: With regards to a polymer … Continue reading

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Q: I’m using Duplex 2205 for a saltwater application but am starting to have some corrosion due to some sulfuric acid contamination. Can you suggest anything that might help improve the corrosion resistance? A: If you’re on the borderline with Duplex 2205 you might want to consider a Super Duplex … Continue reading

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Can I use Hastelloy bolts in a combination of salt water and acid? I have salt water process that has some sulfuric acid contamination? Can it handle this? Temperature would be around 100F. A: Yes, Hastelloy bolts are virtually inert to salt water environments and the combination of salt water … Continue reading

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Q: Can I use zirconium bolts in boiling HCl. Concentration would be about 5%? A: Yes, zirconium fasteners work well in hydrochloric acid but may be a bit overkill at that relatively low concentration but depends on the temperature and other media it may be exposed to. Zirconium screws do … Continue reading

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Q: How does 254 SMO compare with Alloy 20 and AL6XN? Can it handle sulfuric acid? A: To answer your first question, I’ve ranked each of these specialty alloys in terms of their  general corrosion resistance to sulfuric acid: 1. Alloy 20 Most 2. AL6XN Moderate 3. 254 SMO Least … Continue reading

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Q: I’m looking for a polymer that can be exposed to low concentration of sulfuric acid. Which polymer do you recommend? I tried PTFE but they don’t seem to be as strong as I need. A: PTFE and PFA fasteners offer the highest polymer corrosion resistance but the trade-off is … Continue reading

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Q: Are Nimonic bolts a good choice for a high temperature vacuum environment? A: That depends. Typically for extreme temperatures in a vacuum we recommend Molybdenum fasteners. Moly bolts have an extremely high melting point and can be used at much higher temperatures – close to 2900F –  ONLY when … Continue reading

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Q: I’m looking for a material that can service a brackish water environment with high strength around 100ksi, would SMO 254 work for me? A: In terms of the corrosion resistance, yes, but for strength you are right on the edge of the capabilities for 254 SMO fasteners. 254 SMO … Continue reading

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Q: Which material would be better suited for a nitric acid environment (Hastelloy C276 or Inconel)? The screws would not be submersed in the acid, but in a room where the screws would be around the fumes. A: For nitric acid fumes Hastelloy C276 bolts would be the go-to material … Continue reading

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