For strong acids and severe corrosion

• Good mechanical & physical properties
• Excellent corrosion resistance (HCl and H2SO4 iso-corrosion curves)
• Zirconium 702 / 705: Grades, chemistry, specs
• Datasheet for Zirconium
• Zirconium pan head screw features and benefits

Commercially pure zirconium pan head screws, also known as zirconium 702, are most well-known for their superior corrosion resistance in some of the harshest environments that include:

It is also a metal that offers industry unique properties. It does not absorb neutrons, making it ideal for use in nuclear power and at low temperatures it is superconductive, making it ideal for super magnets.

Hydrochloric Acid Resistance
What makes Zirconium pan head screws particularly useful to industry is their resistance to hydrochloric acid where they exhibit a corrosion rate of less than 5mpy at all concentrations and temperatures in excess of the boiling point. Even in 37% HCI, Zirconium pan head screws do not begin to show substantial corrosion until 130°C (266°F). This performance is unmatched by any other engineering metal or alloy with the exception of tantalum. To give you a point of reference, Hastelloy C276 will experience 288 mpy (mils per year) of corrosion in just 10% HCl at the boiling point while Zirconium pan head screws will have a nil corrosion rate even when aerated. As a result, Zirconium pan head screws are most beneficial when used is in hydrochloric acid processes with temperatures above the boiling point and in the absence of oxidizing impurities.

General Acid Resistance
In addition to its impressive performance in hydrochloric acid, in sulfuric acid, Zirconium pan head screws are resistant to temperatures well above boiling and at acid concentrations up to 70%. Only one other metal, tantalum, is equal to zirconium in nitric acid, where zirconium can be used in all concentrations up to 90% and temperatures up to 200°C. Zirconium is also resistant to most organic media and is considered one of the most corrosion resistant materiala in virtually all acetic acid solutions.

When Zirconium Does Not Perform
Zirconium is known for its tough resistance to acid corrosion, but there are instances that it is not recommended to use Zirconium. Though aeration does not affect the resistance of Zirconium pan head screws, even small amounts of oxidizing media such as ferric or cupric chlorides will greatly decrease its corrosion resistance. This often occurs from upstream equipment that carry corrosion contaminants into the zirconium equipment, making process control of upstream equipment critical in maintaining the corrosion resistance of Zirconium. In addition, acid in the presence of oxidizing halide contaminants and can accelerate the rate of attack on Zirconium pan head screws even at low concentrations. Use of Zirconium pan head screws in the presence of fluoride ions is also not recommended, even at low concentrations.

Applications
•  Nuclear industry utilize Zirconium pan head screws for its inability to absorb neutrons
•  Zirconium has been used for decades in over 20 years in dye manufacturing for its incredible corrosion resistance and inertness.
•  Chemical processing plants often utilized Zirconium in the production of polymers that utilize strong acids .
•  Commonly used with nitric acid for the production ammonium nitrate for fertilizers.

Resources: Zirconium Torque Specs

Screw Types: Flat Head Screws, Hex Head Cap Screw, Pan Head Screws, Set Screws, Socket Head Cap Screws, Tamper Resistant Security Screws,

Zirconium Pan Head Screw Features and Benefits

Pan head screws are flat on top and rounded on the sides. Zirconium pan head screws are ideal for:

• Small diameter fasteners – especially when the fastener size needed is too small for a wrench.
• When phillips or slotted drivers are desired. For many high strength specialty alloys, only slotted drives are available.
• Low torque applications because the drivers don’t offer as much force as a wrench.
• Large diameter head provides more clamping area.

How Are They Different from Button Head Screws?
Zirconium pan head and button head screws have very similar profiles however, button head screws allow for a hex socket driver whereas pan head screws do not.

Zirconium Grades, Chemistry and Specifications

Zirconium 702

99.2% commercially pure zirconium with the highest corrosion resistance.

Zirconium 702 Specifcations: UNS R60702, ASTM B493 and B550, ASME SB493 and SB550 Rod (Bar), ASTM SB551, ASME SB551  Plate, Sheet and Strip 

Zirconium 705 

95.5% zirconium with the addition of 2-3% niobium. This addition increases the impact strength of the alloy.

Zirconium 705 Specifications: UNS R06705, ASTM B493 and B550, ASME SB493 and SB550 Rod (Bar)

Mechanical Properties

Zirconium Iso-Corrosion Curves